Questions and Answers
Who is the humanistic theorist that created the Hierarchy of Needs?
What is self-actualization?
Living up to one's full potential.
What does the humanistic perspective focus on?
People's strive for self-determination and self-realization.
What are the psychological needs in the first tier of the Hierarchy of Needs?
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What are the safety needs in the second tier of the Hierarchy of Needs?
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What constitutes the third tier of the Hierarchy of Needs?
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What is required to fulfill the esteem needs in the fourth tier?
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What is represented by the fifth tier in the Hierarchy of Needs?
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What does self-transcendence refer to?
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Who is Carl Rogers?
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According to Carl Rogers, what are the requirements for a growth-promoting environment?
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What does genuineness mean in the context of humanistic theory?
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What is unconditional positive regard?
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What does empathy involve?
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What is self-concept?
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What is congruence in terms of personality?
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What areas were influenced by humanistic theories?
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What are some criticisms of the humanistic theory?
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Study Notes
Humanistic Perspective on Personality
- Abraham Maslow: A major figure in humanistic psychology known for developing the Hierarchy of Needs.
- Self-actualization: The realization of one's potential, creativity, and personal growth; the highest level in Maslow's Hierarchy.
- Humanistic perspective: Emphasizes individual self-determination, self-realization, and the inherent goodness of people; prominent figures include Maslow and Carl Rogers.
- First tier - Psychological needs: Basic requirements for survival such as food, water, warmth, and rest.
- Second tier - Safety needs: Necessities for security and safety in both personal and environmental contexts.
- Third tier - Belongingness and love needs: Importance of social relationships, including intimate connections and friendships.
- Fourth tier - Esteem needs: The desire for respect, recognition, accomplishment, and self-esteem.
- Fifth tier - Self-actualization: The stage where individuals achieve their fullest potential and engage in creative and fulfilling activities, primarily occurring during adulthood.
- Self-transcendence: A proposed progression beyond self-actualization, where individuals seek fulfillment beyond their own interests.
- Carl Rogers: A key humanistic theorist advocating for personal growth through free choice and positive human qualities; emphasized the influence of the environment on personality development.
- Growth-promoting environment (Rogers): Requires genuineness, acceptance, and empathy to foster personal growth.
- Genuineness: Openness and honesty in communication, allowing self-disclosure without hiding true feelings or thoughts.
- Acceptance: Unconditional positive regard that allows for spontaneous self-expression without fear of judgment.
- Unconditional positive regard: A nonjudgmental, accepting attitude that supports individual growth regardless of circumstances.
- Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of others, achieved through active listening.
- Self-concept: The personal perception of oneself, answering the question "Who am I?" with thoughts and feelings; a positive self-concept reflects an affirmative worldview.
- Congruence: The state of alignment between an individual's ideal self and actual self, crucial for attaining happiness and self-esteem.
- Influences of humanistic theories: Significant impact on fields such as counseling, education, parenting, and management; many embrace humanistic principles as pathways to happiness.
- Criticisms of humanistic theory: Considered vague and subjective, lacking scientific rigor; risks promoting individualism that can lead to egotism; viewed as overly idealistic, ignoring human potential for negative behavior.
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Description
Explore key concepts of the humanistic perspective in personality psychology through these flashcards. Learn about influential theorists like Abraham Maslow and crucial ideas such as self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs. Enhance your understanding of human potential and self-realization.