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What was the main focus of humanism during the Renaissance?
What was the main focus of humanism during the Renaissance?
The Renaissance was primarily characterized by a focus on religious themes in art and literature.
The Renaissance was primarily characterized by a focus on religious themes in art and literature.
False
What major cultural revival does humanism emphasize?
What major cultural revival does humanism emphasize?
The revival of classical culture from ancient Greece and Rome.
The period known as the Renaissance saw a surplus in new art, literature, and __________.
The period known as the Renaissance saw a surplus in new art, literature, and __________.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What key technology allowed people to read the Bible without learning Latin?
What key technology allowed people to read the Bible without learning Latin?
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The Renaissance began in Italy due to the decline of schools and the arts.
The Renaissance began in Italy due to the decline of schools and the arts.
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Name one major artwork created by Leonardo Da Vinci.
Name one major artwork created by Leonardo Da Vinci.
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The towns that survived the Middle Ages became centers of __________ and manufacturing.
The towns that survived the Middle Ages became centers of __________ and manufacturing.
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Match the following professions with Leonardo Da Vinci:
Match the following professions with Leonardo Da Vinci:
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Which of the following concepts significantly inspired the ideas during the Renaissance?
Which of the following concepts significantly inspired the ideas during the Renaissance?
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The Hanseatic League was a trade network that developed in towns that grew wealthy during the Renaissance.
The Hanseatic League was a trade network that developed in towns that grew wealthy during the Renaissance.
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What document or achievement contributed to the spread of information and ideas during the Renaissance?
What document or achievement contributed to the spread of information and ideas during the Renaissance?
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What was the most prominent symptom of the Bubonic Plague?
What was the most prominent symptom of the Bubonic Plague?
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The Black Death resulted in an increase in the population of Europe.
The Black Death resulted in an increase in the population of Europe.
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Who is credited with inventing the printing press?
Who is credited with inventing the printing press?
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The first book printed by Johannes Gutenberg was the __________.
The first book printed by Johannes Gutenberg was the __________.
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Which artist is known for painting 'The Last Supper'?
Which artist is known for painting 'The Last Supper'?
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Match the notable figures with their contributions:
Match the notable figures with their contributions:
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The Renaissance contributed to the collapse of feudalism in Europe.
The Renaissance contributed to the collapse of feudalism in Europe.
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What were two major art techniques developed during the Southern Renaissance?
What were two major art techniques developed during the Southern Renaissance?
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What is the fifth pillar of Islam?
What is the fifth pillar of Islam?
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The Shi'ahs make up approximately 90% of the world's Muslim community.
The Shi'ahs make up approximately 90% of the world's Muslim community.
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What was feudalism?
What was feudalism?
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Muslims fast from first light to sunset during the month of __________.
Muslims fast from first light to sunset during the month of __________.
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Match the following roles in the feudal system with their definitions:
Match the following roles in the feudal system with their definitions:
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Which Islamic group believes in following the consensus of the Islamic community for authority?
Which Islamic group believes in following the consensus of the Islamic community for authority?
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Christians and Jews, when conquered by Muslim rulers, were required to convert to Islam.
Christians and Jews, when conquered by Muslim rulers, were required to convert to Islam.
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What title did the rulers of the Islamic Empire hold?
What title did the rulers of the Islamic Empire hold?
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The social structure of the Middle Ages is known as __________.
The social structure of the Middle Ages is known as __________.
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Which of the following cities was NOT one of the main parts of the Islamic Empire?
Which of the following cities was NOT one of the main parts of the Islamic Empire?
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What was Alexander the Great's greatest achievement?
What was Alexander the Great's greatest achievement?
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Sparta was successful in maintaining control over Greece after defeating Thebes in 371.
Sparta was successful in maintaining control over Greece after defeating Thebes in 371.
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What term describes the period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire known for its trade?
What term describes the period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire known for its trade?
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The two main groups that revolted against Justinian during the Nika Riots were the ______ and the ______.
The two main groups that revolted against Justinian during the Nika Riots were the ______ and the ______.
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Match the following figures to their contributions:
Match the following figures to their contributions:
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What kind of government was established in ancient Rome?
What kind of government was established in ancient Rome?
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The Romans won the Punic Wars due to their superior naval power alone.
The Romans won the Punic Wars due to their superior naval power alone.
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Which culture blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences to form a new civilization?
Which culture blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences to form a new civilization?
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The __________ was a significant conflict between Rome and Carthage that lasted from 264-146 BC.
The __________ was a significant conflict between Rome and Carthage that lasted from 264-146 BC.
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Match the following Roman army components with their roles:
Match the following Roman army components with their roles:
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What was the primary reason that Christianity was appealing to the Romans?
What was the primary reason that Christianity was appealing to the Romans?
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Iconoclasts supported the veneration of icons in Christianity.
Iconoclasts supported the veneration of icons in Christianity.
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Who was considered the prophet of Islam?
Who was considered the prophet of Islam?
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The _________ is the holy book of Islam that contains revelations to Muhammad.
The _________ is the holy book of Islam that contains revelations to Muhammad.
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What is one consequence of the Crusades for Europe?
What is one consequence of the Crusades for Europe?
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The Pope during the Crusades was named Pope Urban II.
The Pope during the Crusades was named Pope Urban II.
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What was the primary reason that motivated many people to become crusaders?
What was the primary reason that motivated many people to become crusaders?
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King John was forced to accept the __________ on June 15, 1215.
King John was forced to accept the __________ on June 15, 1215.
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Match each term with its correct definition:
Match each term with its correct definition:
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Which state was NOT established by the Crusaders after capturing Jerusalem?
Which state was NOT established by the Crusaders after capturing Jerusalem?
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The military campaigns during the Crusades were successful in retaining control over Jerusalem.
The military campaigns during the Crusades were successful in retaining control over Jerusalem.
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Who asked the Pope for help when the Seljuk Turks threatened Constantinople?
Who asked the Pope for help when the Seljuk Turks threatened Constantinople?
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The __________ was an agreement that ensured the king could not enact new taxes without consent.
The __________ was an agreement that ensured the king could not enact new taxes without consent.
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What was one of the military contributions that resulted from the Crusades?
What was one of the military contributions that resulted from the Crusades?
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Crusaders captured Jerusalem and treated all inhabitants kindly.
Crusaders captured Jerusalem and treated all inhabitants kindly.
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What was one of the privileges granted to the accused by the Magna Carta?
What was one of the privileges granted to the accused by the Magna Carta?
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The __________ were church leaders who served over several dioceses.
The __________ were church leaders who served over several dioceses.
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What role did merchants see in the Crusades?
What role did merchants see in the Crusades?
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Study Notes
General Information
- This document is a review guide for a Global Civilizations midterm, specifically Period 4.
- Students will be split into groups to analyze material from semester one.
- The review should include detailed analysis of terms and use many slides.
- Be appropriate and participate constructively in group work.
- Higher quality review guides benefit everyone.
Short Answer Question #1: Ancient Greece and Rome Comparison
- Compare and contrast Ancient Greece and Rome in two areas: Religion, Gender Roles, Military Conquest, or Government.
Religion
- Greece: Polytheistic, worshipped multiple gods. Gods lived on Mount Olympus. Athens was named after Athena, goddess of wisdom. Greeks made temples and celebrated festivals honoring gods.
- Rome: Initially polytheistic but gradually shifted to Christianity. Adopted many aspects of Greek religion after conquering Greece. Rome tolerated diverse faiths but did not tolerate those who did not honor Roman gods. Constantine legalized Christianity.
Gender Roles
- Greece: Sparta: men and women equal, men warriors in government, women raised children. Athens: men dominated jobs and government, women had few rights. Women in Athens were less than men despite being named after goddesses.
- Rome: Few rights at first but gained more over time. Women were investors and raised families. Men mostly held jobs. Only men could run for government. Some women had public roles.
Military Conquest
- Greece: City-states often at war. Origins of many military techniques. Macedonia controlled most of Greece and large mid-eastern areas. Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athens.
- Rome: Punic Wars (three wars). Rome won and expanded its power. Conquered much of the Mediterranean region. Invaded Germanic tribes in Britain, Germany and France.
Government
- Greece: Athens: Direct democracy where citizens voted on laws and politics; education important. Sparta: Oligarchy where a wealthy group controlled government. Focused on military.
- Rome: Republic: System of law (civil law) for citizens. Emperor inherited significant power and held the highest positions. The Senate was a branch of government with about 600 people. Women excluded from politics. Known as "Pax Romana" which began around this time.
Classical Age (Greece & Rome)
- Art in Greece: Lifelike and idealistic sculptures of Gods, Goddesses, athletes, famous men. Paintings mainly found on pottery (everyday themes). Architecture includes Parthenon (perfect balance, harmony), Agora (marketplace), and use of important structures.
- Art in Rome: Roman art was influenced by Greek and Etruscan styles. It employed realism and expressionism, showcased portraits in stone or coins (display of character or expression), and included frescoes and mosaics. Architecture included lavish mansions, enormous palaces, temples, stadiums, triumphal arches, and the Pantheon which honoured all Roman Gods.
Middle Ages (Early)
- Art: Carved sculptures (portraits, saints, Bible stories), stained glass (colorful details), and paintings/tapestries.
- Architecture: Romanesque/Gothic, thick walls/towers (littele windows), and use of flying buttresses. These were symbols of religious devotion and wealth.
Middle Ages (Early & High)
- Art: Decorated manuscripts (illumination), Byzantine icons (showing daily life), mosaics, and religious aspects.
- Architecture: Blend of Greek, Roman, Persian, and Middle Eastern styles with use of columns, mosaics, and domes.
Renaissance
- Art: Realistic portrayal of human figures, landscapes, and details of the face (perspective). Examples include Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and School of Athens.
- Architecture: Rejected the Gothic style in favor of columns, arches, and domes. Resembled Roman and Greek buildings.
Notable People in Northern Renaissance
- Writers/Playwrights: Erasmus, More, Shakespeare, de Pisan, worked on a variety of different topics.
- Artists: Durer and van Eyck, produced art with realism and perspective.
Printing Press
- Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. Led to the creation of the Gutenberg Bible. This innovation allowed the sharing of ideas and texts, which spread rapidly through Europe.
Origins of Renaissance
- Started in Italy (Rome inspiration) following the Black Death. Towns that survived grew into centers of trade and manufacturing, encouraging education, arts, and ambition. Trade development fostered the Renaissance (Hanseatic League).
Leonardo da Vinci
- Renaissance man, skilled in various fields:
- Professions: Inventor, writer, painter, architect, engineer, mathematician, philosopher, musician
- Famous works: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Causes of Renaissance
- Aspiration for a better life, inspired by ancient Rome and Greece. Rediscovering ancient artifacts. Emphasis on education and humanism. Advancements like the printing press (shared ideas). Trade and wealth fostered these achievements.
Humanism
- Movement focusing on classical culture. Emphasized education. Revivals of interest in ancient Greece and Rome. Renaissance artists and thinkers drew inspiration from classical forms. Influenced by grammar, history, and rhetoric which are part of the humanities. Books were written on religious and classical themes.
Collapse of the Feudal System
- Shortage of lords. Roman Catholic Church's growing influence. Vikings decreased leading to safer travel.
Crisis of the Fourteenth Century
- Hundred Years' War. The Black Death, with large-scale deaths leading to consequences such as weakening Catholic Church, Collapse of Feudalism
- Devastating conflict between England and France, lasting 100 years. The plague greatly reduced the population in Europe.
The Black Death
- Bubonic plague. Originated in Central Asia. Spread through trade routes. Symptoms included chills, high fever, and rapid heartbeat. Caused immense deaths (75-200 million). Weakened the Roman Catholic Church. End of Feudalism.
Byzantine Empire
- Geographic area: Southeastern Europe, Northern Africa, and areas around Rome. Controlled key trade routes.
- Important achievements: Hagia Sophia (church), religious icons, Justinian's Code of Laws
Great Schism/Iconoclast Controversy
- Disagreement between Orthodox Christian Church of the Eastern and Roman Catholic Churches, resulting in the split of Christianity.
Islamic Empire
- Rise and Spread of Islam: Originated in Arabia. Desert plateau with sparse vegetation. Supported herders and traders. Linked multiple continents (Europe, Asia, Africa).
- Islam's Divisions in Early History: Disagreements arose over Muhammad's successors and interpretation of the faith (Sunnis and Shi'ah).
5 Pillars of Islam
- Recite the profession of faith. Pray five times a day facing Mecca. Give alms to the poor. Fast during Ramadan. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Magna Carta
- Rules between English nobles & kings. Limited the King's power and granted liberties to people. Acknowledged the rights of individuals.
Pax Romana
- Roman peace. Period of roughly 200 years without major conflicts. Strong government fostered trade. Luxury goods were traded. Provinces were Romanized, and construction projects took place.
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Description
Explore the core principles and impact of humanism during the Renaissance. This quiz covers key artworks, technologies, and cultural developments that defined this transformative period in history. Test your knowledge on major figures like Leonardo Da Vinci and the significant events that shaped art and literature.
