Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the superficial masseter muscle?
What is the primary function of the superficial masseter muscle?
Which muscle assists in depressing the hyoid bone after it has been elevated during swallowing?
Which muscle assists in depressing the hyoid bone after it has been elevated during swallowing?
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What function does the articular disc serve in the TMJ?
What function does the articular disc serve in the TMJ?
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Which of the following is NOT a movement associated with the TMJ?
Which of the following is NOT a movement associated with the TMJ?
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Which bones are included in the neurocranium?
Which bones are included in the neurocranium?
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What is the primary function of the mandible?
What is the primary function of the mandible?
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Which of the following sinuses is NOT a type of paranasal sinus?
Which of the following sinuses is NOT a type of paranasal sinus?
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What role do the nasal conchae play in the nasal cavity?
What role do the nasal conchae play in the nasal cavity?
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Which muscle primarily elevates the mandible during jaw closure?
Which muscle primarily elevates the mandible during jaw closure?
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What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which structure drains tears into the nasal cavity?
Which structure drains tears into the nasal cavity?
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Which muscle aids in swallowing by elevating the hyoid bone?
Which muscle aids in swallowing by elevating the hyoid bone?
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Study Notes
Neurocranium Bones
- The neurocranium protects the brain.
- It is made up of the frontal, parietal (paired), occipital, temporal (paired), sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
Viscerocranium Bones
- The viscerocranium forms the face.
- It includes the maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine, and inferior nasal conchae.
Maxilla
- The maxilla forms the upper jaw.
- Houses the upper teeth.
- It is also part of the orbit and nasal cavity.
Mandible
- The mandible forms the lower jaw.
- It holds the lower teeth.
- It moves during mastication.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Air-filled spaces in the skull
- Include the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses.
Maxillary Sinus Infections
- Sinusitis can occur due to proximity to the nasal cavity and tooth roots.
Nasal Cavities
- Paired chambers inside the nose
- They are separated by the nasal septum (vomer and ethmoid bones).
Nasal Conchae
- Thin, curved bones in the nasal cavity.
- They increase airflow turbulence for warming/filtering air.
Nasolacrimal Duct
- Drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity.
Muscles of Mastication
- Masseter: Elevates mandible (closes jaw).
- Temporalis: Elevates and retracts mandible.
- Medial Pterygoid: Elevates mandible.
- Lateral Pterygoid: Protracts mandible, moves jaw side-to-side.
Hyoid Muscles
- Suprahyoid: Elevates the hyoid bone (aids in swallowing).
- Infrahyoid: Depresses the hyoid bone.
Deep Masseter Muscle
- Elevates the mandible.
- Plays a key role in closing the jaw.
TMJ Capsule
- Thick fibrous tissue surrounding the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
- It provides support and stability.
Digastric Posterior Belly Muscle
- Depresses the mandible (opens the mouth).
- Elevates the hyoid bone during swallowing and speech.
Splenius Capitis Muscle
- Extends the head and neck.
- Rotates the head to the same side.
Levator Scapulae Muscle
- Elevates the scapula.
- Helps in tilting the neck to the same side.
Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene Muscles
- Elevate the first and second ribs during inspiration.
- Aid in lateral flexion of the neck.
Trapezius Muscle
- Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.
- Assists in extending the neck.
Anterior Temporalis Muscle
- Elevates and retracts the mandible.
- Assists with jaw closure.
Superficial Masseter Muscle
- Aids in elevating the mandible and closing the jaw.
Digastric Anterior Belly Muscle
- Works with the posterior belly to depress the mandible and elevate the hyoid bone during swallowing.
Hyoid Bone
- Serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in swallowing and speech.
Omohyoid Superior Belly Muscle
- Depresses the hyoid bone after it has been elevated during swallowing.
Sternohyoid Muscle
- Depresses the hyoid bone after swallowing.
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
- Rotates the head to the opposite side.
- Flexes the neck.
Omohyoid Inferior Belly Muscle
- Helps depress the hyoid bone after it has been elevated.
TMJ Movements
- Depression (opening mouth).
- Elevation (closing mouth).
- Protrusion (moving jaw forward).
- Retrusion (moving jaw backward).
- Lateral deviation (side-to-side movement).
Articular Disc
- A fibrous cartilaginous disc.
- It is found between the condyle of the mandible and the temporal bone.
- Has anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands for movement and cushioning.
Condyles of TMJ
- Bony projections at the mandible’s end that articulate with the temporal bone.
TMJ Problems
- Can include dislocation, arthritis, and disc displacement.
- Can cause pain or difficulty in jaw movement.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human skull's anatomy, focusing on the neurocranium and viscerocranium bones. This quiz covers key features, including the maxilla, mandible, and paranasal sinuses. Perfect for students studying human anatomy.
