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Questions and Answers
What structure is located above the orbits?
What structure is located above the orbits?
The frontal notch/foramen is always present above the orbits.
The frontal notch/foramen is always present above the orbits.
False
What is the flattened area above the nasal root called?
What is the flattened area above the nasal root called?
Glabella
The _____ part of the frontal bone contains paired large elevations with ossification centers.
The _____ part of the frontal bone contains paired large elevations with ossification centers.
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Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
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What structure is contained within the groove for the superior sagittal sinus?
What structure is contained within the groove for the superior sagittal sinus?
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Arachnoid granulations are also known as Pacchionian granulations.
Arachnoid granulations are also known as Pacchionian granulations.
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What are the impressions on the internal surface formed by arachnoid granulations called?
What are the impressions on the internal surface formed by arachnoid granulations called?
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The groove for the middle meningeal artery is also referred to as the ______.
The groove for the middle meningeal artery is also referred to as the ______.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What is the trochlear spine primarily associated with?
What is the trochlear spine primarily associated with?
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The trochlear spine is found in more than 50% of the population.
The trochlear spine is found in more than 50% of the population.
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What structure connects the orbit to the anterior cranial fossa?
What structure connects the orbit to the anterior cranial fossa?
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The lacrimal fossa is located on the ______ part of the roof of the orbit.
The lacrimal fossa is located on the ______ part of the roof of the orbit.
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Which of the following foramina connect the orbit with the ethmoidal air cells?
Which of the following foramina connect the orbit with the ethmoidal air cells?
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The trochlear fovea contains the trochlear spine.
The trochlear fovea contains the trochlear spine.
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In which part of the orbit is the trochlear fovea located?
In which part of the orbit is the trochlear fovea located?
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Where does the facial nerve enter the temporal bone?
Where does the facial nerve enter the temporal bone?
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The mastoid part of the temporal bone runs ventrolaterally.
The mastoid part of the temporal bone runs ventrolaterally.
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What structure contains the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve?
What structure contains the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve?
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The fundamental pathway of the facial nerve includes the tympanic part running _____ to the long axis of the petrosal part.
The fundamental pathway of the facial nerve includes the tympanic part running _____ to the long axis of the petrosal part.
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Match the parts of the temporal bone with their functions:
Match the parts of the temporal bone with their functions:
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What does the tympanic part come into contact with?
What does the tympanic part come into contact with?
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The stylomastoid foramen transmits only the facial nerve.
The stylomastoid foramen transmits only the facial nerve.
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What type of ossification does the ethmoidal bone develop by?
What type of ossification does the ethmoidal bone develop by?
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Which nerve is transmitted through the foramen ovale?
Which nerve is transmitted through the foramen ovale?
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The petrosal foramen is primarily for the passage of the greater petrosal nerve.
The petrosal foramen is primarily for the passage of the greater petrosal nerve.
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What muscle originates from the lateral plate of the pterygoid process?
What muscle originates from the lateral plate of the pterygoid process?
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The __________ connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx.
The __________ connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx.
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Match the following foramina with their respective contents:
Match the following foramina with their respective contents:
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What is transmitted through the foramen spinosum?
What is transmitted through the foramen spinosum?
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The medial pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygoid fossa.
The medial pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygoid fossa.
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What is the main function of the pterygoid canal?
What is the main function of the pterygoid canal?
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The __________ surface of the sphenoid bone faces the cerebrum.
The __________ surface of the sphenoid bone faces the cerebrum.
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Which of the following surfaces is NOT associated with the sphenoid bone?
Which of the following surfaces is NOT associated with the sphenoid bone?
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The vaginal process forms the palatovaginal canal.
The vaginal process forms the palatovaginal canal.
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Name one feature of the pterygoid process.
Name one feature of the pterygoid process.
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The __________ margin is a part of the margins of the sphenoid bone.
The __________ margin is a part of the margins of the sphenoid bone.
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Which nasal concha is an independent bone?
Which nasal concha is an independent bone?
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The posterior ethmoidal cells open into the middle nasal meatus.
The posterior ethmoidal cells open into the middle nasal meatus.
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What structures divide the nasal cavity into the nasal meati?
What structures divide the nasal cavity into the nasal meati?
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The _____ nasal concha is located most superior in the nasal cavity.
The _____ nasal concha is located most superior in the nasal cavity.
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Match the following nasal structures with their respective descriptions:
Match the following nasal structures with their respective descriptions:
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Which structure separates the inferior nasal meatus from the middle nasal meatus?
Which structure separates the inferior nasal meatus from the middle nasal meatus?
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The uncinate process is a projection of the inferior nasal concha.
The uncinate process is a projection of the inferior nasal concha.
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What is the primary function of the nasal conchae?
What is the primary function of the nasal conchae?
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Study Notes
Skull - Cranium
- The neurocranium, or "brain case," protects the brain and its associated sensory organs.
- The neurocranium is divided into the cranial vault and the cranial base.
- The viscerocranium (facial skeleton) surrounds and protects the digestive and respiratory system's proximal parts.
Overview of Skull Bones
-
Neurocranium:
- Parietal bone
- Frontal bone
- Occipital bone
- Temporal bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethmoid bone
-
Viscerocranium:
- Lacrimal bone
- Nasal bone
- Vomer
- Inferior nasal concha
- Zygomatic bone
- Palatine bone
- Maxilla
- Mandible
- Hyoid bone
Frontal Bone
- Develops through intramembranous ossification.
- Contains the frontal sinus.
- Composed of a squamous part, nasal part, and two orbital parts.
- Key features include the frontal tuber, superciliary arch, glabella, supra-orbital margin, zygomatic process, temporal line, and grooves for the superior sagittal sinus and frontal crest (attachment of the falx cerebri).
- Contains the frontal notch/foramen and supra-orbital notch/foramen for nerve and vessel transmission.
- The frontal sinus develops in children after their first year of life.
- The frontal foramen and supra-orbital foramen are variable openings.
- Gyral impressions indicate cerebral gyri.
Occipital Bone
- Develops predominantly through endochondral ossification.
- Composed of four main parts.
- Crucial for cranial base formation.
- Key features include the foramen magnum, basilar part, lateral parts, and the squamous part (a portion of which forms part of the cranial vault).
- Contains the occipital condyles for articulation with the atlas, condylar fossa, hypoglossal canal, jugular notch, and jugular process.
Sphenoid Bone
- Develops predominantly by endochondral ossification.
- Contains the sphenoidal sinus.
- Composed of a body and three paired projections: greater wing, lesser wing, and pterygoid process.
- Connects middle cranial fossa to surrounding spaces via various foramina.
- Contains the sella turcica(hypophysial fossa) that houses the pituitary gland, and other foramina.
- Important features include the sella turcica, hypophysial fossa, and carotid sulcus.
- Clinical note; The pterion is a weak point prone to injuries.
Temporal Bone
- Composed of squamous, tympanic, and petrous parts that develop via intramembranous ossification (squamous and tympanic) and endochondral ossification (petrous, styloid and mastoid processes).
- Contains the middle and inner ear.
- Important features include squamous part's parietal and sphenoidal borders, zygomatic process (includes the articular surface and articular tubercle for the temporomandibular joint), tympanic part (the bony portion of the external acoustic meatus, tympanic ring forming part of the external auditory canal), and petrous part (housing inner ear structures).
- The facial canal (for the facial nerve) runs through the temporal.
Parietal Bone
- Develops through intramembranous ossification.
- Important features include grooves for the superior sagittal sinus and middle meningeal artery, plus the parietal eminence.
- Its margins articulate with adjacent bones (occipital, temporal, frontal).
Zygomatic Bone and Other Viscerocranial Bones
- Zygomatic bone develops via intramembranous ossification.
- Located in the face, comprising parts of the skull.
- Lacrimal, nasal, and vomer bones contribute to the skull's facial structures, and their development is also predominantly intramembranous.
Hyoid Bone
-
Unpaired bone in the neck, between the mandible and the larynx.
-
Develops via enchondral ossification.
Skull of Newborn
- Compared to adults, newborns present with a large neurocranium and smaller viscerocranium.
- Key features include fontanelles, which are gaps in the sutures filled with ligaments, allowing for cranial growth.
- Fontanelles include: anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, and mastoid.
- Cranial sutures are not fused in newborns, allowing for expansion during growth.
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the human skull, specifically focusing on the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It delves into various skull bones, including their development and key features. Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the brain case and facial skeleton.
