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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main functions of the skeletal system?
What is one of the main functions of the skeletal system?
What type of bone is the pelvis?
What type of bone is the pelvis?
What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?
What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?
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What is the main function of the muscular system?
What is the main function of the muscular system?
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What is the structure that repeats within a myofibril?
What is the structure that repeats within a myofibril?
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What is the type of connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers?
What is the type of connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers?
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What is the type of muscle fiber that is adapted for high-speed, low-endurance activities?
What is the type of muscle fiber that is adapted for high-speed, low-endurance activities?
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Which type of muscle fiber has the highest endurance?
Which type of muscle fiber has the highest endurance?
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What is the primary source of ATP in Fast glycolytic fibers?
What is the primary source of ATP in Fast glycolytic fibers?
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Which type of muscle fiber is largest in diameter?
Which type of muscle fiber is largest in diameter?
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Where does aerobic respiration occur in muscle fibers?
Where does aerobic respiration occur in muscle fibers?
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What is the function of Creatine phosphate in muscle metabolism?
What is the function of Creatine phosphate in muscle metabolism?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- Provides protection, support, movement, storage, and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
- Composed of five types of bones: flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid bones
Structure of a Long Bone
- Consists of proximal epiphysis, diaphysis (shaft), and distal epiphysis
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial skeleton: contains the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage (80 bones)
- Appendicular skeleton: contains the limbs and pelvic bone (126 bones)
Muscular System
- Functions: movement, protection/support of organs and soft tissue, maintaining body temperature, and forming sphincters
- Consists of muscle fibers, which are composed of multiple myofibrils
Structure of Muscle Fiber
- Each myofibril has repeating sections called sarcomeres
- Sarcomeres consist of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments, responsible for muscle contraction
Structure of Muscle as an Organ
- Composed of epimysium (dense irregular connective tissue), perimysium (dense irregular connective tissue), and endomysium (areolar connective tissue)
Tendons and Aponeurosis
- Tendons: cord-like structures of dense regular connective tissue
- Aponeurosis: thin, flattened sheets of dense irregular connective tissue
Types of Muscle Fibers
- Fast twitch fibers: rapid, powerful contractions, low endurance
- Slow twitch fibers: slow, less powerful contractions, high endurance
- Intermediate fibers: combination of fast and slow twitch fibers
Muscle Fiber Characteristics
- Slow oxidative fibers: slow, less powerful contractions, high endurance, red color, many mitochondria
- Fast oxidative fibers: fast, powerful contractions, intermediate size, light red color, aerobic respiration
- Fast glycolytic fibers: fast, powerful contractions, largest size, white color, anaerobic respiration
Muscle Metabolism
- Aerobic metabolism: uses oxygen, occurs in mitochondria, produces 34 ATP
- Anaerobic metabolism: no oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, produces 2 ATP
- Creatine phosphate: high-energy molecule
- ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen storage: sources of energy for muscle contraction
Muscle Contraction
- Twitch: single muscle contraction
- Wave summation: rapid, repeated muscle contractions
- Tetanus: sustained muscle contraction, caused by neurotoxin of anaerobic bacteria (e.g., puncture wound)
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Description
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system, including its functions, types of bones, and structure of a long bone. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeleton and their components.
