ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the spinal column?

  • House the eyes and provide protection from external forces
  • Protect the vital organs in the chest and abdominal cavities
  • Enclose the brain and spinal cord
  • Support the head and trunk (correct)
  • Which part of the skeleton supports the head and neck?

  • Sternum
  • Vertebrae (correct)
  • Ribs
  • Coccygeal vertebrae
  • What is the function of the ribs within the skeletal system?

  • Support the head and trunk
  • Protect the spinal cord
  • Protect vital organs in the chest and abdominal cavities (correct)
  • Control bodily functions
  • Which part of the skeletal system houses the eyes?

    <p>Skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the spinal column in terms of vertebrae?

    <p>33 vertebrae, including 24 movable and five fused vertebrae in the neck, and three fused vertebrae at the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the skeletal system encloses the brain?

    <p>Skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>To facilitate movement and attach muscles to the bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones make up the skull?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the true ribs?

    <p>The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?

    <p>It houses the sinuses and provides space for the attachment of muscles involved in chewing and facial expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>The spinal column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the false ribs?

    <p>They do not directly attach to the sternum but connect to the anterior ends of the true ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ribs form the ribcage and protect the brain and lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skull is composed of 22 bones that form the cranium and facial skeleton.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal column is part of the appendicular skeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The axial skeleton includes the shoulder girdle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ contains 33 vertebrae and supports the head and chest.

    <p>spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ consists of the arms and legs, as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles.

    <p>appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is composed of 12 pairs of true ribs and several pairs of false ribs.

    <p>rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ houses the brain and senses, including the eyes, nose, and mouth.

    <p>skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ skeleton includes the bones of the trunk, such as the vertebral column and rib cage.

    <p>axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cranium, also known as the ______, is the protective casing for the brain and central nervous system.

    <p>skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The facial skeleton is responsible for supporting the structures of the face and enclosing the ______ and nasal cavities.

    <p>eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is unique among the facial bones as it is the only moveable bone in the skull, allowing for jaw movement and speech.

    <p>mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ear has several tiny ______ that play a crucial role in hearing.

    <p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cranial bones include the frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, occipital bone, ______ bone, and ethmoid bone.

    <p>sphenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bones form the posterior portions of the hard palate and the lateral walls of the nasal cavities.

    <p>palatines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two small bones called the ______, which are located near the outer corners of the eye sockets and contribute to the formation of the eye sockets and the nasolacrimal ducts.

    <p>lacrimals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone forms the roof and lateral walls of the upper nasal cavity, the upper portion of the nasal septum, and contributes to the medial wall of the orbit.

    <p>ethmoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single, complex bone called the ______, which acts as a keystone bone and connects with many other bones of the skull.

    <p>sphenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ear has several tiny ______ that play a crucial role in hearing.

    <p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frontal bone forms most of the upper lateral sides of the skull.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporal bones contain the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occipital bone forms the posterior base of the cranial cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone is associated with the axial skeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The malleus bone is attached to the oval window of the cochlea in the inner ear.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms most of the forehead and the roof of the orbita?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone serves as a canal for sound transmission to the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the base of the skull and has two joints with the first cervical vertebra?

    <p>Occipital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone joins with almost every other bone of the skull and contributes to the sides and base of the central skull?

    <p>Sphenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the U-shaped bone located near the larynx that supports the tongue?

    <p>Hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flat bone that forms the upper portion of the eye sockets?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is situated between the parietal and supraoccipital bones?

    <p>Interparietal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms a large part of the base of the skull and is located below the frontal bone?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the skull is the ethmoid bone located?

    <p>In front of the frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What irregular bone forms part of the nasal cavity and sits below the frontal bone?

    <p>Ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frontal bone is the flat bone that makes up the forehead and forms the upper portion of the eye sockets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parietal bones are a pair of irregular bones located under each of the temporal bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporal bones contain the external auditory meatus, which is the canal for sound transmission to the tympanic membrane (eardrum).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ethmoid bone is an irregular bone that sits below the frontal bone and spans the width of the skull.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interparietal bone (os interparietale or Inca bone) is a dermal bone situated between the parietal and occipital bones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone forms the posterior base of the cranial cavity.

    <p>occipital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone is an irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone and makes up part of the nasal cavity.

    <p>ethmoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bones contain the external auditory meatus, which is the canal for sound transmission to the tympanic membrane (eardrum).

    <p>temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a dermal bone situated between the parietal and supraoccipital bones.

    <p>interparietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone is a single, complex bone that acts as a keystone bone and connects with many other bones of the skull.

    <p>sphenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flat bone that makes up the forehead and forms the upper portion of the eye sockets?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is located under each of the parietal bones and is irregular in shape?

    <p>Temporal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bone that forms the very back of the skull and has an opening for the spinal cord to connect to the brain?

    <p>Occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone sits below the frontal bone, spans the width of the skull, and forms a large part of the base of the skull?

    <p>Sphenoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What irregular bone is located in front of the sphenoid bone and makes up part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus?

    <p>Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin meaning of the word 'malleus'?

    <p>Mallet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone of the middle ear is named after its resemblance to an anvil?

    <p>Incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone of the middle ear receives vibrations from the malleus and transmits them to the stapes?

    <p>Incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the malleus bone in the middle ear?

    <p>Transmit sound vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The malleus is a small bone located in the middle ear.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incus bone resembles an anvil in shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stapes is a bone located in the outer ear.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporal bones contain the external auditory meatus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frontal bone forms the base of the skull.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lacrimal bone has openings that connect to the nasal cavity for draining tears.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone, is one of the most fragile bones in the human skeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxilla bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygomatic bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lacrimal bone is named after the Latin word 'lacrimalis', meaning related to laughter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the incisive bone?

    <p>To strengthen the region where the upper incisors meet the palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the bridge of the nose?

    <p>Nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacrimal bone?

    <p>To support the nasolacrimal ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone contributes to the formation of the orbits (eye sockets)?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zygomatic bone?

    <p>To contribute to the formation of the orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the maxilla bone?

    <p>It forms the roof of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is also known as the cheekbone?

    <p>Zygomatic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the incisive bone?

    <p>It connects with the maxilla bone to form the upper jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the bridge of the nose?

    <p>Nasal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacrimal bone?

    <p>It connects to the nasolacrimal ducts for draining tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxilla bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone, contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incisive bone is the primary function of the nose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal bone is a thin shell of bone that surrounds the tympanic cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lacrimal bone contributes to the formation of the eye sockets and nasolacrimal ducts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the maxilla bone?

    <p>The maxilla bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zygomatic bone?

    <p>The zygomatic bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the incisive bone?

    <p>The primary function of the incisive bone is to support the structures of the nose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nasal bone?

    <p>The nasal bone is a thin shell of bone that surrounds the tympanic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacrimal bone?

    <p>The lacrimal bone contributes to the formation of the eye sockets and nasolacrimal ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.

    <p>maxilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.

    <p>zygomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone is the primary function of the nose.

    <p>incisive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone is a thin shell of bone that surrounds the tympanic cavity.

    <p>nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone contributes to the formation of the eye sockets and nasolacrimal ducts.

    <p>lacrimal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their locations:

    <p>Maxilla bone = Forms the roof of the oral cavity Zygomatic bone = Contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes Incisive bone = Plays a crucial role in hearing Nasal bone = Forms the bridge of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their functions:

    <p>Maxilla bone = Forms the bridge of the nose Zygomatic bone = Contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes Incisive bone = Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets and nasolacrimal ducts Nasal bone = Primary function is related to laughter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their characteristics:

    <p>Maxilla bone = One of the most fragile bones in the skeleton Zygomatic bone = Irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone Incisive bone = Irregular bone that sits below the frontal bone and spans the width of the skull Nasal bone = Thin shell of bone at the bottom of the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their contributions:

    <p>Maxilla bone = Contributes to sound transmission in the middle ear Zygomatic bone = Contributes to hearing and senses, including eyes, nose, and mouth Incisive bone = Contributes to formation of ventral nasal concha Nasal bone = Contributes to formation of cranial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their importance:

    <p>Maxilla bone = Protective casing for brain and central nervous system Zygomatic bone = Houses brain and senses, including eyes, nose, and mouth Incisive bone = Surrounds tympanic cavity and can become infected Nasal bone = Contains vertebrae and supports head and chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.

    <p>maxilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.

    <p>zygomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of the ______ bone is to contribute to the formation of the nasal cavity.

    <p>incisive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone forms the bridge of the nose.

    <p>nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ bone contributes to the formation of the eye sockets and nasolacrimal ducts.

    <p>lacrimal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the maxilla bone?

    <p>The maxilla bone forms the roof of the oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the zygomatic bone?

    <p>The zygomatic bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the incisive bone?

    <p>The incisive bone is an irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone and makes up part of the nasal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nasal bone?

    <p>The nasal bone forms the bridge of the nose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lacrimal bone?

    <p>The lacrimal bone contributes to the formation of the orbits of the eyes and the nasolacrimal ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the upper jaw and part of the eye socket in mammals?

    <p>Palatine bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zygomatic bone?

    <p>Forming part of the eye socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is located between the nasal and maxilla bones and plays a role in forming the nasal septum?

    <p>Incisive bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nasal bone in relation to the skull?

    <p>Contributing to the bridge of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is involved in draining tears from the eyes to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Incisive bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms most of the upper jaw along with the incisive bones and is part of the hard palate?

    <p>Temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone forms part of the eye orbit and houses the lacrimal duct for tear drainage?

    <p>Nasal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone houses the upper incisor teeth and is part of the external bones of the face?

    <p>Zygomatic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone forms part of the eye orbit and joins with the temporal bones to form zygomatic arches?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone forms the bridge of the nose and exhibits a huge variety among different species and breeds in size and shape?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms part of the eye orbit and joins with the temporal bones to form zygomatic arches?

    <p>Lacrimal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone houses the upper incisor teeth and is part of the external bones of the face?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone is unique among the facial bones as it is the only movable bone in the skull, joining with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Incisive bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the bridge of the nose and shows a huge variety among different species and breeds in terms of size and shape?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the incisive bone in relation to the upper incisor teeth?

    <p>Securing the teeth in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygomatic bones form part of the eye orbit and join with parietal bones to form zygomatic arches.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillary bones make up most of the lower jaw.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incisive bones house the upper incisor teeth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose and exhibit a wide variety among different species and breeds in size and shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lacrimal bones form part of the eye orbit and house the lacrimal duct for tear drainage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones of the face with their functions:

    <p>Maxillary bone = Makes up most of the upper jaw and part of the hard palate Zygomatic bone = Forms part of the eye orbit and joins with temporal bones to form zygomatic arches Incisive bone = Houses the upper incisor teeth and part of external bones of the face Nasal bone = Forms bridge of the nose, exhibits variety among species and breeds in size &amp; shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones of the face with their unique characteristics:

    <p>Nasal bone = Forms bridge of the nose, exhibits variety among species and breeds in size &amp; shape Lacrimal bone = Forms part of eye orbit and houses lacrimal duct for tear drainage Incisive bone = Houses the upper incisor teeth and is part of external bones of the face Zygomatic bone = Forms part of eye orbit, joins with temporal bones to form zygomatic arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones of the face with their primary locations:

    <p>Incisive bone = Houses upper incisor teeth Lacrimal bone = Forms part of eye orbit and houses lacrimal duct for tear drainage Nasal bone = Forms bridge of the nose Zygomatic bone = Forms part of eye orbit, joins with temporal bones to form zygomatic arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones of the face with their mobility:

    <p>Maxillary bone = Not movable, makes up most of upper jaw Zygomatic bone = Not movable, forms part of eye orbit Incisive bone = Not movable, houses upper incisor teeth Nasal bone = Not movable, forms bridge of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones with their contributions to facial structure:

    <p>Maxillary bone = Contributes to upper jaw and hard palate structure Zygomatic bone = Contributes to eye orbit formation and zygomatic arches Incisive bone = Contributes to housing upper incisor teeth in the face Lacrimal bone = Contributes to eye orbit structure and tear drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for voice production and protection of the airway?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hyoid bone in relation to the tongue?

    <p>Enabling tongue movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the lower boundary of the orofacial cavity?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsum of the tongue?

    <p>Containing taste buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which musculoskeletal organ is responsible for taste sensation?

    <p>Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hyoid bone?

    <p>To support the base of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located immediately below the hyoid bone?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the lower jaw and supports the tongue muscles?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tongue?

    <p>To produce speech sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is supported by the hyoid bone, in addition to the tongue and larynx?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone supports the base of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone is composed of a single bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone is located below the larynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone assists in swallowing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone is located between the ends of the maxilla bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The skeletal system plays a crucial role in providing support and structure to the human body. It is composed of various components, including the spinal column, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, skull, and ribs. Each of these components serves specific purposes and works together to ensure optimal functionality.

    Spinal Column

    The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, is a series of interconnected bones that extend from the base of the skull down to the pelvis. The primary function of the spinal column is to protect the spinal cord and support the head and trunk. It also acts as a lever during movement. The spinal column is composed of 33 vertebrae, including 24 movable vertebrae and five fused vertebrae in the neck (the occipital bone, axis, and six cervical vertebrae), and three fused vertebrae at the base of the spine (the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae).

    Axial Skeleton

    The axial skeleton is the central core unit of the skeletal system, consisting of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. It supports the head and neck, encloses the brain and spinal cord, and houses the eye sockets and ear structures. The skull contains the brain, which controls all bodily functions, and the eye sockets, which house the eyes and provide protection from external forces. The vertebrae form the spinal column, as mentioned earlier, while the ribs and sternum protect the vital organs in the chest and abdominal cavities.

    Appendicular Skeleton

    The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones of the extremities, including the bones of the arms and legs, shoulders and hips, and the bones in the hands and feet. The appendicular skeleton provides joints for movement, attaches muscles to the bones, and protects the organs associated with digestion and reproduction. The upper portion of the appendicular skeleton allows for a greater range of motion when lifting and carrying objects.

    Skull

    The skull is a protective covering for the brain and serves as the base for the facial skeleton. It is made up of 22 bones that form the cranium and the face. The skull also houses the sinuses and provides space for the attachment of muscles involved in chewing and facial expression.

    Ribs

    The ribs are a series of flat, curved bones that encase the lungs and protect the heart and other vital organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs, each pair connecting to the spine and the breastbone (sternum) at the front. The first seven pairs are called true ribs, as they attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages. The last five pairs are called false ribs, as they do not directly attach to the sternum but instead connect to the anterior ends of the true ribs.

    In conclusion, the skeletal system is a complex and intricate network of bones that work together to provide the necessary support, stability, and protection required for the proper functioning of the body.

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    Explore the key components of the human skeletal system, including the spinal column, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, skull, and ribs. Learn about their functions and how they work together to support and protect the body.

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