Human Anatomy: Nervous and Skeletal Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the spinal column consists of five fused vertebrae?

  • Cervical spine
  • Coccyx spine (correct)
  • Thoracic spine
  • Lumbar spine

    • Which type of bone is primarily responsible for protecting internal organs such as the brain and heart?

  • Short bones
  • Long bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Flat bones (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the jejunum and ileum within the gastrointestinal tract?

  • To deliver food to the stomach
  • To mix food with digestive acids
  • To continue the breakdown of food
  • To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream (correct)

    • Which accessory respiratory muscles are primarily involved in expiration?

    <p>Rectus abdominis muscles (C), Internal intercostal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sensory nerves play in the nervous system?

    <p>They transmit signals from sensory organs to the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the spinal vertebrae is directly involved in supporting the weight of the body?

    <p>Lumbar spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following serves as the beginning of the digestive tract?

    <p>Mouth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for moving oxygen and cleaning out waste?

    <p>Lungs (B), Airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human spine?

    <p>7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vertebrae is part of the pelvis or base of the spine?

    <p>Coccyx spine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    The brain and spinal cord, the control center of the body.

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    Nerves branching out from the CNS, connecting it to the rest of the body

    Sensory Nerves

    Transmit information from the body to brain

    Motor Nerves

    Transmit signals from the brain to muscles or glands.

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    Cervical Spine

    Top 7 vertebrae in the neck.

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    Thoracic Spine

    12 vertebrae in the upper back.

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    Long Bones

    Bones that support body weight and facilitate movement. Mostly in the lower limbs.

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    Small Intestine

    20 ft long; the longest part of the digestive tract. Food is broken down completely and absorbed by the bloodstream here.

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    Ascending Colon

    Part of the large intestines, moving upward in the abdomen.

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    Duodenum

    First part of the small intestines continuing food breakdown.

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    Study Notes

    Nervous System Components

    • The nervous system has two main parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
    • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS primarily consists of nerves.

    Spinal Vertebrae Divisions

    • Cervical spine: The top seven vertebrae (C1-C7) are located in the neck.
    • Thoracic spine: The twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) are in the upper back, near the rib cage.
    • Lumbar spine: The five vertebrae (L1-L5) are in the lower back.
    • Sacrum spine: The five fused vertebrae (S1-S5) are located in the pelvis, at the base of the spine.
    • Coccyx spine: The tailbone is made up of 3-5 fused vertebrae.

    Accessory Respiratory Muscles

    • Intercostal muscles: External intercostals are primary inspiratory muscles; internal intercostals are accessory expiratory muscles.
    • Abdominal muscles: Accessory expiratory muscles.

    Bone Types and Locations

    • Long bones: Support body weight and facilitate movement, primarily located in the lower limbs.
    • Short bones: Provide support and stability with minimal movement, found in the wrist and ankle joints.
    • Flat bones: Include bones of the skull, and the rib cage (sternum and ribs), protecting internal organs like the brain and heart.
    • Irregular bones: Have complex shapes and vary in structure; some protect internal organs, like the vertebral column protecting the spinal cord.

    Digestive System Parts and Functions

    • Mouth: Beginning of the digestive tract
    • Throat (pharynx): Pathway for food
    • Esophagus: Delivers food to the stomach
    • Stomach: Muscular sac that mixes and holds food
    • Small Intestines: Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; 20 feet long; site of nutrient absorption through peristalsis.
    • Large intestines (colon): 7 feet long; divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid; absorb water.

    Respiratory/Musculoskeletal System

    • The respiratory system includes airways, lungs, and blood vessels, working together to move oxygen and remove waste.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the components of the nervous system, including the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, as well as the divisions of the spinal vertebrae. Additionally, it covers accessory respiratory muscles and different types of bones in the human body. Test your knowledge of these fundamental anatomy concepts!

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