Human Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

To store minerals

To support muscle, fat and skin (correct)

To provide movement

To produce blood cells

How many bones are present in the appendicular skeleton?

100 bones

206 bones

80 bones

126 bones (correct)

What is the function of red bone marrow?

To store fat

To produce blood cells (correct)

To provide movement

To maintain mineral homeostasis

What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

To connect bones Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in yellow bone marrow?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bones in relation to vital organs?

To surround and protect Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of long bones?

They are typically longer than wide Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the vertebrae?

Irregular bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

The shaft of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cranial and facial bones?

To protect and support special sense organs and the brain Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the skull?

22 bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the axial skeleton that forms the longitudinal part of the body?

The axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the femur?

Long bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

The ends of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

To humidify inhaled air and trap particles Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the posterior part of the cranium?

Occipital bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

To lighten the skull, give resonance to voice, and warm and moisten air Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is the only moveable skull bone?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

To support the head and protect the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of cervical vertebrae in an adult?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

To form strong joints and permit movements of the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

To enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of ribs in a human?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

To serve as a moveable base for the tongue and keep the larynx open Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of costal cartilages?

To contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage Signup and view all the answers

What is the glenoid cavity?

A shallow concavity on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvis?

To support the upper body Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest bone in the upper limb?

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the patella?

To increase the leverage of the quadriceps femoris muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia?

Articulation sites for the femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tarsal bones?

To provide support to the foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the scapula also known as?

Shoulder blade Signup and view all the answers

What is the olecranon?

The tip of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What is the clavicle also known as?

Collarbone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system is divided into two parts: Axial skeleton (80 bones) and Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Functions of bones: framework, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, production of blood cells, and storage

Classification of Bones

Long bones: typically longer than wide, have a shaft with heads at both ends, contain mostly compact bone (e.g., femur, humerus)
Short bones: generally cube-shaped, contain mostly spongy bone (e.g., carpals, tarsals)
Flat bones: thin and flattened, usually curved, with thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone (e.g., skull, ribs, sternum)
Irregular bones: irregular in shape, do not fit into other bone classification categories (e.g., vertebrae and hip)

Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone

Diaphysis: the shaft, composed of compact bone
Epiphysis: the ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone

Divisions of the Skeletal System

The Axial Skeleton: forms the longitudinal part of the body, divided into three parts (skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax)

Skull (Cranium)

Consists of 22 bones
Cranial bones: eight bones form the cranial cavity (e.g., frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone)
Facial bones: 14 bones form the face (e.g., nasal bones, maxillae, zygomatic bones, mandible, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, inferior nasal conchae, and vomer)

Vertebral Column (Spine)

Composed of a series of bones called vertebrae (adult = 26)
Divided into four regions: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), and sacrum and coccyx
Intervertebral discs: found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, form strong joints, permit various movements, and absorb vertical shock

Thorax

Thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae
Functions: enclose and protect organs, provide support for upper limbs, and play a role in breathing

The Appendicular Skeleton

Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Upper Limb

The pectoral girdle consists of two bones: scapula and clavicle
The free part has 30 bones: humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Pectoral Girdle

Composed of two bones: clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)
The clavicle is convex in shape anteriorly near the sternal junction
The clavicle is concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromion

Scapula

Triangular in shape
Most notable features include the spine, acromion, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity

Humerus

Longest and largest bone of the free part of the upper limb
The proximal ball-shaped end articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
The distal end articulates at the elbow with the radius and ulna

Forearm

The forearm is formed by two bones: ulna and radius
Ulna: longer, medial bone
Radius: shorter, lateral bone

Hand

The carpus (wrist) consists of 8 small bones (carpals)
Metacarpals: 5 bones, numbered I-V, lateral to medial
Phalanges: 14 bones, two in the thumb and three in each of the other fingers

Pelvic Girdle

Composed of three pair of fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubic bone
The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis
Protects several organs: reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and part of the large intestine

Femur (Thigh Bone)

Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body
The head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone, forming the hip (coxal) joint
Distally, the medial and lateral condyles articulate with the condyles of the tibia, forming the knee joint

Patella

Largest sesamoid bone in the body
Forms the patellofemoral joint
Superior surface is the base
Inferior, narrower surface is the apex

Tibia and Fibula

Tibia: the larger, medial weight-bearing bone of the leg
Fibula: the smaller, lateral, non-weight-bearing bone of the leg

Foot

The foot is composed of tarsal bones, metatarsals, and phalanges
Seven tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms
Five metatarsals: base, shaft, and head
14 phalanges: two in the big toe and three in each of the other toes

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Description

This quiz covers the different parts of the human skeletal system, including bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments. It also explores the two divisions of the skeletal system.