Lung Volumes, Capacity, Gas Transport

Tidal Volume = Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing Inspiratory Reserve Volume = Additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation Expiratory Reserve Volume = Additional air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation Vital Capacity = Total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Hypoxemia = Low levels of oxygen in the blood often due to ventilation/perfusion mismatch Ventilation = The process of air entering and leaving the lungs Perfusion = The flow of blood to the lungs for gas exchange Mismatch = When ventilation and perfusion are not properly aligned

Oxygen transport = Carried from the lungs to tissues by hemoglobin Carbon dioxide transport = Removed from tissues to lungs mainly as bicarbonate Diffusion = Movement of gases across alveolar and capillary membranes Respiration = The overall process of gas exchange in the body

<p>External respiration = Gas exchange occurring in the alveoli Internal respiration = Gas exchange occurring at the tissue level Alveolar ventilation = The volume of fresh air that reaches the alveoli per minute Dead space ventilation = Volume of air that does not participate in gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial pressure gradients = The difference in concentration of gases driving diffusion Surface area = Larger areas enhance the efficiency of gas exchange Thickness of respiratory membrane = Thinner membranes facilitate quicker gas exchange Ventilation rate = Frequency and depth of breathing affecting gas levels in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers