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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a core HR function?
Which of the following is NOT a core HR function?
What is one way that technology can help HR achieve greater efficiency?
What is one way that technology can help HR achieve greater efficiency?
What is one potential challenge of relying too heavily on technology in HR?
What is one potential challenge of relying too heavily on technology in HR?
What federal law protects employees' rights related to military service, including leaves of absence, reemployment rights, and protection from discharge and retaliation?
What federal law protects employees' rights related to military service, including leaves of absence, reemployment rights, and protection from discharge and retaliation?
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What is the primary goal of HR management?
What is the primary goal of HR management?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)?
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How can HR help organizations adapt to a changing workforce?
How can HR help organizations adapt to a changing workforce?
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According to the provided text, what is the labor force participation rate?
According to the provided text, what is the labor force participation rate?
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What is one benefit of using technology in HR planning?
What is one benefit of using technology in HR planning?
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What is the term for a worker who is not a full-time employee and performs temporary or freelance work for a specific period and type of work?
What is the term for a worker who is not a full-time employee and performs temporary or freelance work for a specific period and type of work?
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What is NOT one of the roles typically performed by HR?
What is NOT one of the roles typically performed by HR?
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Which of these is NOT a benefit of effective HR management?
Which of these is NOT a benefit of effective HR management?
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What is the estimated percentage of the workforce comprised of contingent workers, as mentioned in the text?
What is the estimated percentage of the workforce comprised of contingent workers, as mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary difference between effectiveness and efficiency in relation to human capital?
What is the primary difference between effectiveness and efficiency in relation to human capital?
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Which of the following is NOT a key component of strategic planning?
Which of the following is NOT a key component of strategic planning?
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Which of the following is an example of a strategic planning process?
Which of the following is an example of a strategic planning process?
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What is the primary purpose of succession planning?
What is the primary purpose of succession planning?
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In the context of human capital, what is the 'gig economy' characterized by?
In the context of human capital, what is the 'gig economy' characterized by?
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What is the term used to describe the collective value of an organization’s workforce's knowledge, skills, and experience?
What is the term used to describe the collective value of an organization’s workforce's knowledge, skills, and experience?
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What is meant by 'intellectual capital' as a strength in HR Factors and SWOT Analysis?
What is meant by 'intellectual capital' as a strength in HR Factors and SWOT Analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of a well-defined and executed strategic plan?
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of a well-defined and executed strategic plan?
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Which job design approach involves expanding the range of tasks an employee performs within their job?
Which job design approach involves expanding the range of tasks an employee performs within their job?
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Which job design approach is characterized by breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable units?
Which job design approach is characterized by breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable units?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of job design?
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of job design?
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What is the primary purpose of "job rotation" in the context of job design?
What is the primary purpose of "job rotation" in the context of job design?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of information for job analysis?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of information for job analysis?
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In determining whether a person can perform the essential functions of a job, what is the significance of protected characteristics like race, creed, or color?
In determining whether a person can perform the essential functions of a job, what is the significance of protected characteristics like race, creed, or color?
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What is a 'reasonable accommodation' in the context of employment law?
What is a 'reasonable accommodation' in the context of employment law?
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What is the primary legal basis for prohibiting discrimination based on disability in private employment?
What is the primary legal basis for prohibiting discrimination based on disability in private employment?
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What is the difference between 'disparate treatment' and 'disparate impact' in employment discrimination?
What is the difference between 'disparate treatment' and 'disparate impact' in employment discrimination?
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What is the meaning of 'bona fide occupational qualification' (BFOQ) in the context of employment?
What is the meaning of 'bona fide occupational qualification' (BFOQ) in the context of employment?
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What is the significance of the interactive process in accommodation for disabilities under the ADA?
What is the significance of the interactive process in accommodation for disabilities under the ADA?
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What is the primary focus of the content provided in the context of employment law?
What is the primary focus of the content provided in the context of employment law?
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In what situation would an individual's failure to meet a job qualification NOT be considered discrimination?
In what situation would an individual's failure to meet a job qualification NOT be considered discrimination?
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What are the two main sources of data used for job analysis?
What are the two main sources of data used for job analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of a job description?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of a job description?
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Within the context of job analysis, what does "Job Specifications" typically refer to?
Within the context of job analysis, what does "Job Specifications" typically refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a method commonly used to gather information for job analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a method commonly used to gather information for job analysis?
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What is the primary purpose of including disclaimers and approvals in a job description?
What is the primary purpose of including disclaimers and approvals in a job description?
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According to presented information, which of the following is an example of a top motivator for employee performance?
According to presented information, which of the following is an example of a top motivator for employee performance?
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What two factors, along with employee effort, contribute to performance results?
What two factors, along with employee effort, contribute to performance results?
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Which of these is NOT considered a component of employee effort, as described in the provided content?
Which of these is NOT considered a component of employee effort, as described in the provided content?
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Flashcards
Test Mechanics
Test Mechanics
The rules and process for taking the test, including time limit and materials allowed.
Core HR Functions
Core HR Functions
Key activities in Human Resource Management, including strategy, talent management, and labor relations.
Talent Acquisition
Talent Acquisition
The process of identifying and attracting capable applicants for employment.
Employee Productivity
Employee Productivity
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Legal Compliance in HR
Legal Compliance in HR
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Benefits of Technology in HR
Benefits of Technology in HR
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Challenges of Technology in HR
Challenges of Technology in HR
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Roles of HR Management
Roles of HR Management
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Essential Functions
Essential Functions
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BFOQ
BFOQ
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Reasonable Accommodation
Reasonable Accommodation
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Undue Hardship
Undue Hardship
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Protected Characteristics
Protected Characteristics
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Disparate Treatment
Disparate Treatment
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Disparate Impact
Disparate Impact
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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Human Capital
Human Capital
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Staffing
Staffing
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Gig Economy
Gig Economy
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Effectiveness
Effectiveness
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Efficiency
Efficiency
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Strategy
Strategy
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Strategic Planning
Strategic Planning
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Succession Planning
Succession Planning
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Military Status Protections
Military Status Protections
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Labor Force Participation Rate
Labor Force Participation Rate
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Contingent Worker
Contingent Worker
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Generational Groups
Generational Groups
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Skill Gaps
Skill Gaps
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Job Design
Job Design
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Job Redesign
Job Redesign
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Job Simplification
Job Simplification
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Job Enlargement
Job Enlargement
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Job Rotation
Job Rotation
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Sources of Data
Sources of Data
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Methods of Information Gathering
Methods of Information Gathering
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Job Analysis Components
Job Analysis Components
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Job Description Identification
Job Description Identification
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General Job Summary
General Job Summary
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Essential Job Functions
Essential Job Functions
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Motivators for Performance
Motivators for Performance
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Performance Equation
Performance Equation
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Study Notes
Test 1 Review - Spring 2025
- Test covers Chapters 1-5
- 50 multiple choice questions
- Read questions carefully, slowly ("mouth the questions")
- Pay attention to specific words (e.g., "not")
- Specific intent/meaning of words is important (e.g., "direct" vs. "indirect" costs)
- 1 hour and 15 minutes
- No closed book/notes.
- Exception: Korean, Spanish, or German-English dictionaries allowed (bring early)
Test Mechanics
- 50 multiple choice questions, read slowly and carefully.
- Allow time to read questions carefully and slowly.
- Explicitly include and use the word "not"
- "Direct" costs are financial costs, "indirect" costs include non-financial costs (like staffing shortages).
Chapter 1 - Human Resource (HR) Management
- Designing formal systems for managing human talent.
- Accomplishing organizational objectives and goals.
- Roles: Selecting, training, rewarding, managing, and retaining employees.
Core HR Functions
- Strategy and planning
- Equal employment opportunity (EEO)
- Talent acquisition
- Talent management
- Total rewards
- Risk management and worker protection
- Employee and labor relations
What Does HR Do?
- Assist organizations in achieving higher profits and employee productivity.
- Help organizations adapt to a changing workforce, including more diverse workforces (e.g., based on sex, age) and other protected classifications
- Ensure legal compliance related to government statutes and regulations.
Technology Benefits and Challenges
- Facilitates strategic HR planning (business forecasting models).
- Improves administrative and operational efficiency (record-keeping).
- Reduce costs for recruitment, selection, and training.
- Over-reliance on technology may negatively impact learning (focus on critical thinking).
- Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is uncertain.
Human Capital and Staffing
- Human capital: The combined value of capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation of the workforce.
- Staffing: Includes full-time, part-time, and gig economy workers. (e.g., temps, contract labor)
- Skill shortages: Insufficient supply of necessary workers.
- Inadequate supply of workers: Lack of workers for needed jobs.
Effective Use of Human Capital
- Effectiveness: A program's ability to generate the intended effect.
- Efficiency: A measure of the economic manner in which operations are done (managing costs).
- Costs of the "new program".
- Results in savings in other areas.
- Examples: reduce accidents, absenteeism, turnover.
Chapter 2 - Strategy and Strategic Planning
- Strategy: A plan to compete successfully, survive, and grow.
- Strategic planning: Defining the organization's strategy or direction and allocating resources to achieve goals.
- Defining organizational goals and purpose.
- Establishing departmental/company goals and objectives.
- Developing organizational/department strategy to reach desired business objectives.
- Formulating steps needed to implement organizational/department strategies.
- Implementing the organizational strategy plan.
- Evaluation and reassessment of plans and goals.
HR Planning Process (Figure 2-5)
- Review Organizations/Environmental/Strategic Plans
- Assess external and internal workforce (conditions, influences, capabilities/knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs)).
- Compile HR Planning Forecasts (demands, supply).
- Develop hr staffing plans and actions (retention, turnover, recruiting, selection).
HR Factors and SWOT Analysis
- Strengths: Intellectual capital, loyal/committed employees, innovative/adaptive employees, high-performance/skilled employees (strong leadership pipeline are seen as strengths).
- Weaknesses: Lack of leadership pipeline, outdated talent management practices.
- Opportunities: Market position, unexplored markets, global expansion, technology advances.
- Threats: Legal mandates and restrictions, competitor power, economic uncertainty, talent shortage.
Succession Planning
- Process of identifying a plan for the orderly replacement of key employees.
- Ensure high-quality talent for future goals.
Talent Imbalances
- Talent surplus: Managing too many employees (reducing work hours, hiring freezes, voluntary separation, workforce reductions/RIFs)
- Talent shortage: Managing insufficient employees (increasing work hours through overtime, outsourcing, implementing alternative work arrangements, hiring contingent workers, retention bonuses).
Legal Considerations for Workforce Reductions
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act: Avoid using sex, race, national origin, or religion as factors in decisions.
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA): No discrimination for employees 40 years old and above
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Pregnancy Discrimination: Accommodation when reasonably possible to the job.
- Other Laws: Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA).
Chapter 3 - Workplace Decisions and Avoiding Discrimination
- Employment decisions must be based on job qualifications and requirements.
- Essential functions of the job must be performed by the candidate.
- ADA and Pregnancy cases: Candidates must be able to perform essential job functions, with or without reasonable accommodation.
Employment, Job Descriptions, and Requirements
- Business necessity: Practices required for safe and efficient operations.
- Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ): Legitimate job requirement.
- Discrimination does not occur if job qualifications are not met.
Reasonable Accommodation/Undue Hardship
- Reasonable accommodation: Modifying a job to provide equal opportunity to qualified individuals.
- Undue hardship: Significant difficulty or expense for employers in providing accommodation for qualified individuals.
Major Protected Characteristics
- Race, Creed, Color, National Origin, Religion, Sex
- Expanded to Marital Status, Pregnancy, Disability, Military Status, Age, and Genetic Information
- State/Local governments have additional statutes/protections (height, weight, sexual orientation).
- Protected characteristics are independent of job performance.
Unlawful Discrimination
- Disparate treatment: Treating individuals differently based on non-job related characteristics.
- Disparate impact: An employment practice that appears neutral but adversely affects a specific group.
Federal Disability Protections
- Rehabilitation Act of 1973: Equal employment opportunity protections for disabled workers and job applicants (federally employed workers and contractors were the only protections).
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): Covers private employers, employment agencies, and labor unions (15 or more employees), and prohibits discrimination based on disability, including "perceived disability".
- ADA Amendment Act (ADAAA): Broad definition of disability (more inclusive).
Pregnancy, FMLA, and Equal Pay
- Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA): Treating maternity leave like other medical/personal leave. Employers must provide reasonable accommodation.
- Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA): (more info/clarification needed) Treating maternity leave like other personal or medical leaves
- Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid family leave in certain circumstances.
- Equal Pay Act: Requires employers to pay men and women equal wages for similar work.
Age Discrimination Laws
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA): Prohibits discrimination against those 40 years of age or older (for organizations with 20+ employees).
- Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA): Protects employees who sign a release/waiver of age discrimination claims in exchange for severance packages.
Sexual Harassment
- Unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment
- Includes interactions between genders, or of the same gender
- Two types: Quid Pro Quo, Hostile Work Environment
Preventing Sexual Harassment
- Establish a clear sexual harassment policy
- Regularly communicate the policy to all involved, both employees and management.
- Train employees to identify and address issues
- Foster a positive environment for complaining/reporting issues
- Investigate complaints and take appropriate action regarding appropriate complaints.
Harassment
- Adopt policies against harassment (verbal, visual, physical conduct based on sex, race, religion, etc.)
- Use clear harassment polices including procedures, to maintain a safer workplace.
- Recommendations for employee and manager training.
- Important to provide training and resources for effective workplace practices so that employees can feel supported.
Military Status Protections
- Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act: Protection for veterans returning to work.
- Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA): Provides job protection to service members. Includes leaves of absence, return to employment rights, and protections from discharge/retaliation.
- If service members have the required orders, leave should be granted.
Chapter 4 - Workforce Participation and Profile
- Labor force participation rate: Percentage of the population working or seeking work (December 2023 labor participation rate = 62.5%).
- Work relationships: Full-time employees, part-time employees, independent contractors, and contingent workers.
- Contingent workers are not a full-time position, but a freelance worker that does a specific job for a specific period. The authors estimate that 35% of the workforce is contingent.
Profile Challenges for HR Planning
- Generational differences in goals and technology use (Baby Boomers, Gen X, Y, and Z).
- Skill Gaps: Lack of needed skills for available jobs (e.g. Truck drivers, STEM fields).
- Improving workforce readiness and training for current/new skills to improve.
Job Design and Job Redesign
- Job design: Organizing tasks, duties, and responsibilities to create a productive work unit.
- Job redesign: Changing existing jobs to improve them.
- Approaches: job simplification, job enlargement, job enrichment, and job rotation (especially for new managers).
Job Analysis - Methods and Sources
- Who's responsible? HR, Operations, Management, or a consultant.
- Sources of data: Company, managers, employees, 3rd party (e.g., Department of Labor)
- Methods: Questionnaires, interviews, and observations.
Job Analysis - Information Needed
- Tasks and duties
- Skills required
- Responsibilities
- Tools and equipment
- Supervision and decision-making authority
- Working hours, schedules, and travel
- Physical, psychological and/or emotional demands
- Knowledge, experience, and certifications
Job Description – Checklist
- Identification: Job title, department, reporting relationships, and date of analysis.
- General Summary: General responsibilities, duties and overview
- Essential Job Functions and Duties: Importance rankings, tasks, and duties.
- Job Specifications: Skills, knowledge, abilities, education, experience, physical requirements.
- Disclaimers and Approvals: For legal purposes and future updates.
Chapter 5 - Motivation, Performance, and Retention
- Performance: Employee effort (motivation, work ethic, and attendance), employee ability (knowledge and skills), and company support (training and equipment)
- Performance Results: Achieved outcome of the effort and performance.
Motivating Performance
- Top Motivators: Appreciation, respect in the workplace, being able to utilize personal capabilities, and liking the job.
- Other Motivators: Pay/employment security, good management/leaders, feedback (training and benefits), motivational items (e.g., mugs, shirts, etc).
Motivation - Lower Needs
- Applying Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to employee motivation
Implied Expectations - Psychological Contract
- Employers' obligations: Competitive wages & benefits, flexible work/home balance, career development, safe work environment.
- Employees' contributions: Skills, continuous improvements, increased productivity, reasonable length of service, extra efforts.
Components of Job Satisfaction
- Job satisfaction: Adequacy of pay, opportunity for advancement, supervision, coworkers, and nature of work.
- Goal is to have an engaged workplace.
Costs of Absenteeism
- Direct costs: Replacement for absent workers (salary & benefits), overtime pay for coverage.
- Indirect costs: Lost productivity, training, supervisors' lost time, customer dissatisfactions, late deliveries, slower work pace, overstaffing, and others picking up the slack
Employee Turnover
- Signs of possible turnover (employee dissatisfaction): Low interest in promotions, reluctance in taking opportunities, and low motivation in continuing training
- Turnover expense: Costs associated with separating/replacing employees (separation costs, vacancy costs, replacement costs, training costs, and hidden/indirect costs (lost productivity/poor replacement hire etc.)
Retention - Retaining Top Performers
- Executive mentoring
- Challenging job assignments
- Development of management competencies
- Regular performance feedback
Drivers of Retention
- Organizational & Management factors
- Employee/Supervisor relationships
- Job and work-life balance
- Rewards
- Career training
- Employer policies
Process for Managing Employee Retention
- Measurement & Assessment (measurement turnover, employee surveys, interviews, and data analysis).
- Management Interventions (recruiting & selection, training, compensation & benefits, career development, and employee relations).
- Evaluation & Follow-up (review turnover data, track intervention results, adjust intervention efforts).
Turnover and Churn
- Churn: Hiring and firing staff frequently.
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Description
Test your knowledge on core functions of HR and the impact of technology on human resources management. This quiz covers federal laws, HR roles, and the advantages of effective HR practices. Dive into topics like military service protections and workforce adaptation.