Human Resource Management: Training and Development

Training and Development

• Training is the systematic development of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job.
• Difference between training and education: Training focuses on specific job skills, while education focuses on general knowledge and cognitive development.

Training and Development Objectives

• Objectives of training:
  • Improve job performance
  • Increase productivity
  • Enhance skills and knowledge
  • Boost employee motivation and morale
  • Reduce accidents and errors
  • Meet changing job requirements

Training Methods

• On-the-job training (OJT) methods:
  • Coaching
  • Mentoring
  • Apprenticeship
  • Job rotation
  • Internship
• Off-the-job training methods:
  • Classroom instruction
  • Conferences
  • Workshops
  • Seminars
  • Simulation exercises
• Sensitivity training: focuses on developing interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence.
• Vestibule training: uses simulated environments to mimic real-life work situations.
• Advantages of OJT: cost-effective, flexible, and relevant to the job.
• Disadvantages of OJT: may disrupt work operations, and trainers may not have adequate training skills.
• Advantages of off-the-job training: allows for focused learning, and trainers are experts in their field.
• Disadvantages of off-the-job training: may be costly, and employees may not apply learning to the job.

Training Need Assessment and Evaluation

• Training need assessment: identifies the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a job or task.
• Steps in training process:
  • Needs assessment
  • Objective setting
  • Program design
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
• Factors used for training evaluation:
  • Reaction to training
  • Learning outcomes
  • Job performance improvement
  • Return on investment (ROI)

Development and Self-Development

• Management development: focuses on developing skills and knowledge for future roles.
• Job rotation: involves rotating employees through different departments to gain broad experience.
• Executive development: focuses on developing senior managers' skills and knowledge.
• Self-development:
  • Create a personal development plan (PDP)
  • Set objectives and targets
  • Identify resources and activities
• Benefits of self-development to employers:
  • Increased employee motivation and engagement
  • Improved job performance
  • Enhanced skills and knowledge
  • Better retention rates

Training Location and Equipment

• On-site training: conducted in the actual work location.
• Off-site training: conducted in a location away from the actual work site.
• Simulated training: uses equipment that closely resembles the actual ones on the job.

Benefits of Training to Organizations

• Improved job performance
• Increased productivity
• Enhanced skills and knowledge
• Better employee morale and motivation
• Improved retention rates