Human Resource Management Theories

Questions and Answers

What is at the lowest level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Safety needs

Physiological needs (correct)

Belongingness needs

Esteem needs

According to ERG Theory, what type of needs does 'relatedness' include?

Growth needs

Safety needs

Love and belongingness needs (correct)

Material needs

Which of the following is NOT a category within Alderfer's ERG Theory?

Relatedness needs

Personal fulfillment needs (correct)

Existence needs

Growth needs

What limitation does Maslow's needs hierarchy have?

It proposes that lower-level needs must always be satisfied first Signup and view all the answers

What need is emphasized by the sense of security in ERG Theory?

Protection from danger and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

In Maslow's hierarchy, which need follows physiological needs?

Safety needs Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of growth needs involves achieving personal development and potential?

Self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What does the esteem need include according to Maslow's hierarchy?

Respect from others and self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What do growth needs primarily involve?

Self-esteem and self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the need for self-actualization?

Achieving individual goals and developing personality Signup and view all the answers

How does McGregor's Theory Y view employees?

As responsible and capable of self-direction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary dimension of McGregor's assumptions about human behavior?

Possession of a fixed mindset versus growth mindset Signup and view all the answers

According to McGregor, what impact do managerial assumptions have on employees?

They influence employee motivation and work behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of a manager adopting a Theory X perspective?

Close supervision and limited authority delegation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of McGregor's observation regarding managerial self-awareness?

Poor self-awareness often leads to misperceptions of cause and effect Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption depicts a pessimistic view of human behavior in organizations?

Theory X Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in the 1940s.
Hierarchy includes five levels: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
Physiological needs are foundational, including food, air, water, and shelter.
Safety needs encompass security, stability, and the absence of pain or illness.
Belongingness needs involve love, affection, and social interactions.
Esteem needs consist of self-esteem through personal achievement and recognition from others.
The theory posits that individuals are motivated to satisfy lower-level needs before addressing higher-level needs.
A limitation is the assumption that everyone shares the same needs hierarchy, which research contradicts.

Existence Relatedness Growth (ERG) Theory

Proposed by Clayton Alderfer, refining Maslow’s needs into three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.
Existence needs cover safety, physiological, and material needs:
- Safety needs aim to prevent fear, anxiety, and danger.
- Physiological needs focus on vitality-related satisfaction, such as leisure and exercise.
- Material needs include essential resources for living, like food and clothing.
Relatedness needs involve security, belonging, and respect:
- Security entails mutual trust among individuals.
- Belonging prevents feelings of isolation and loneliness.
- Respect relates to social status and personal importance.
Growth needs center on self-esteem and self-actualization:
- Self-esteem includes self-confidence, independence, and competence.
- Self-actualization encompasses achieving personal goals and personality development.

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y

McGregor theorizes that a manager's worldview influences practices, shaping employee attitudes and performance.
Managers unknowingly make assumptions about human behavior in organizations.
Two categories of managerial assumptions are identified:
- Theory X reflects a pessimistic view of human nature.
- Theory Y reflects a more optimistic view.
Three primary dimensions differentiate these assumptions:
- Beliefs about inherent laziness vs. industriousness.
- Perspectives on the capacity for useful contributions.
- Views on trustworthiness requiring control vs. responsibility and self-direction.
Assumptions lead to varied managerial behaviors, impacting oversight and delegation.
Managerial practices shape employee motivation and work behavior.
Distrustful management styles can lead to employee disengagement, highlighting the importance of awareness in managerial assumptions.

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Description

Explore the foundational theories of Human Resource Management in this quiz, with a focus on Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Understand how this model applies to various domains, including marketing and rehabilitation. Test your knowledge on the significance of meeting physiological, safety, and belongingness needs in organizational settings.