Questions and Answers
Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?
Abraham Maslow
What are the three categories proposed in ERG Theory?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs assumes that everyone has the same needs hierarchy.
False
What does the concept of safety needs refer to?
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In McGregor's theory, the pessimistic view of human behavior in organizations is labeled ______.
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The needs for belongingness include love given to others or caring accepted from ______.
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What does esteem include in terms of human needs?
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Study Notes
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in the 1940s, this model outlines a five-tier hierarchy of human needs.
- The lowest tier consists of basic physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter.
- As individuals satisfy lower-level needs, they become motivated to pursue higher-level needs, including safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
- A key limitation of Maslow's theory is its assumption that all individuals share the same hierarchy of needs, which research has challenged.
Existence, Relatedness, Growth (ERG) Theory
- Proposed by Clayton Alderfer, ERG theory refines Maslow’s model into three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
- Existence needs cover essential safety, physiological, and material requirements, such as protection from fear and basic living necessities.
- Relatedness needs involve emotional connections with others, including the desire for love, affection, and community acceptance.
- Growth needs pertain to personal development, self-esteem, and fulfillment through achievements.
Douglas McGregor’s Theories of Human Behavior
- McGregor theorized that managers hold unrecognized assumptions about employee behavior within organizations.
- Two contrasting managerial assumptions were identified:
- Theory X assumes people are inherently lazy and require strict supervision.
- Theory Y posits that employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility.
- McGregor outlined three main dimensions related to these assumptions:
- The belief in whether employees are inherently lazy versus industrious.
- Perceptions of employees as having limited versus substantial potential.
- The view of workers needing control versus acknowledging their drive for self-direction and engagement.
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Description
Explore the foundational theories of human resource management, focusing on Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This module delves into how basic human needs drive motivation and behavior in the workplace. Understand how these theories can be applied to improve organizational effectiveness.
