Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is human resource management primarily focused on?
What is human resource management primarily focused on?
Immigration can positively influence HR planning by increasing the supply of workers.
Immigration can positively influence HR planning by increasing the supply of workers.
True
Name one internal factor that influences HR planning.
Name one internal factor that influences HR planning.
Changes in business finance
Due to __________, people are living longer and working longer.
Due to __________, people are living longer and working longer.
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What is one advantage of external recruitment?
What is one advantage of external recruitment?
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Match the terms to their definitions:
Match the terms to their definitions:
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Piece rate pay compensates employees based on the number of hours they work.
Piece rate pay compensates employees based on the number of hours they work.
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What is a common reason for resistance to change in the workplace?
What is a common reason for resistance to change in the workplace?
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What is one HR strategy that can help reduce resistance to change?
What is one HR strategy that can help reduce resistance to change?
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Name one disadvantage of empowering employees in a business.
Name one disadvantage of empowering employees in a business.
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A matrix organizational structure allows employees to work together regardless of their position in the company.
A matrix organizational structure allows employees to work together regardless of their position in the company.
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_________ training involves instruction at the place of work.
_________ training involves instruction at the place of work.
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Match the following payment methods with their definitions:
Match the following payment methods with their definitions:
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What is the main focus of job enrichment?
What is the main focus of job enrichment?
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Job enlargement increases an employee's motivation by diversifying their tasks.
Job enlargement increases an employee's motivation by diversifying their tasks.
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What is the first step in the recruitment process of new employees?
What is the first step in the recruitment process of new employees?
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What characterizes a tall organizational structure?
What characterizes a tall organizational structure?
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A flat organizational structure allows for narrower spans of control.
A flat organizational structure allows for narrower spans of control.
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Name one disadvantage of a regional organizational structure.
Name one disadvantage of a regional organizational structure.
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A shamrock organizational structure helps a business to adapt to changes in customer __________.
A shamrock organizational structure helps a business to adapt to changes in customer __________.
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Match the leadership style with its characteristic:
Match the leadership style with its characteristic:
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Which type of management relies on data and objectivity for decision-making?
Which type of management relies on data and objectivity for decision-making?
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Intuitive management is generally slower and more costly than scientific management.
Intuitive management is generally slower and more costly than scientific management.
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What is one feature of paternalistic leadership?
What is one feature of paternalistic leadership?
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Taylor's theory of motivation emphasizes paying employees on a __________.
Taylor's theory of motivation emphasizes paying employees on a __________.
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Match Maslow's levels of needs with their descriptions:
Match Maslow's levels of needs with their descriptions:
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What do hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory relate to?
What do hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory relate to?
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The need for power and the need for achievement are identical according to McClelland.
The need for power and the need for achievement are identical according to McClelland.
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Explain one way in which a leader's style can affect their effectiveness.
Explain one way in which a leader's style can affect their effectiveness.
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Conflict between local and central management is a disadvantage of a __________ organizational structure.
Conflict between local and central management is a disadvantage of a __________ organizational structure.
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Study Notes
Human Resource Management (HRM)
- HRM is the strategic approach to effectively managing an organization's employees to gain a competitive edge.
Internal Factors Influencing HR Planning
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Changes in business finance:
- Unfunded pensions impact current workforce finances.
- Increased profitability allows for more staff.
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Changes in business organization:
- Mergers, acquisitions, or growth affect HR planning.
External Factors Influencing HR Planning
-
Immigration:
- Increases the workforce, potentially lowering wages.
- Introduces new skills.
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Demographic changes:
- Longer lifespans lead to longer working careers.
- Changing job requirements based on demographic shifts.
Resistance to Change in the Workplace
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Poor communication:
- Insufficient or unclear communication about the change.
- Employees lacking understanding of the change's purpose.
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Poor timing:
- Timing conflicts with business needs (e.g., busy season).
- Timing conflicts with personal reasons (e.g., family illness).
HR Strategies for Reducing Change Impact
- Education: Provide employees with necessary skills and information about the change.
- Identify key players: Engage influential employees to support the change and advocate among colleagues.
Organizational Structures
- Delegation Advantage: Improves creativity and communication, crucial in some industries.
Matrix Organizational Structure Reasons
- Project-based tasks (e.g., new store openings, product launches, market entry).
Flat vs. Tall Organizational Structures
- Tall (Vertical): Multiple levels of hierarchy, defined roles for each person.
- Flat (Horizontal): Fewer levels, wider spans of control, more autonomy for workers.
Regional Organizational Structure Disadvantages
- Conflict: Between local and central management.
- Duplication: Of resources and functions.
Shamrock Organizational Structure Benefits (HL Only)
- Adaptability to customer needs & preferences.
- Cost reduction—efficient use of resources.
- Price competitiveness.
Leadership and Management (HL Only)
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Scientific vs. Intuitive Management:
- Scientific: Objective, data-driven decision-making, justifiable, risk reduction.
- Intuitive: Personal beliefs, instincts, considers stakeholder well-being, faster, lower cost.
Autocratic Leadership Circumstances
- Quick decision-making in crises.
- Managing many unskilled workers.
Paternalistic Leadership Features
- Decision-making: Leader makes all the decisions.
- Employee perception: Employees viewed as "family" by the leader.
- Delegation: Minimal delegation.
Laissez-Faire Leadership Advantages
- Creative and skilled workforce requiring little oversight.
- Leadership as an equal in skill and knowledge.
Factors Determining Leadership Circumstances
- Organizational structure: Flat vs. hierarchical structures.
- External environment: Economic conditions.
- Leadership style: Democratic vs. autocratic approaches.
Motivation and Demotivation
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Taylor's Theory of Motivation Elements:
- Piece-rate or time-rate pay systems.
- Division of labor.
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Herzberg's Motivators vs. Hygiene Factors:
- Hygiene Factors: Extrinsic factors (environment, salary) that, if absent, cause dissatisfaction.
- Motivators: Intrinsic factors (job itself) that lead to motivation.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (3 Levels)
- **Physiological needs:** Basic needs for sustenance (food, shelter, water).
- **Safety needs:** Protection, job security, health and safety.
- **Esteem needs:** Achievement, recognition, self-respect.
McClelland's Needs (HL Only)
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Need for Power: Desire to control, influence others, and hold authority.
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Need for Achievement: Desire to accomplish goals, solve problems, and excel.
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Labor Turnover Calculation (HL Only): (Number of employees who left / Total workforce) * 100%
External Recruitment
- Advantage: New ideas, fresh perspectives.
- Disadvantage: Higher costs.
Recruitment Process Steps (HL Only)
- Job analysis: Determining essential skills, training, and tasks for the job.
- Job description: Providing candidates with details about the job role.
Pay Structures
- Piece rate: Paid per item produced.
- Hourly rate: Paid per hour worked.
Job Enrichment vs. Job Enlargement
- Job Enrichment: Increased complexity and challenges for employees, leading to better job satisfaction and motivation.
- Job Enlargement: Increasing the number of tasks within the same job role.
Employee Empowerment Disadvantage
- Oversight required to ensure appropriate and wise decisions from employee
Training
- On-the-job: Training at the workplace, usually from existing staff.
- Off-the-job: Training away from the workplace (e.g., courses, training centers).
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in Human Resource Management, focusing on internal and external factors that influence HR planning. It also addresses resistance to change within the workplace, including communication issues and timing. Test your knowledge of HRM strategies and practices.
