Human Resource Management Chapter 11

Questions and Answers

What is the process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals?

Human Resource Management (HRM)

The roles and responsibilities of HRM have evolved primarily because of what two key factors?

Organization's recognition of employees as their ultimate resource (correct)

Increased competition in the job market

Advancements in technology

Changes in the law that rewrote many traditional practices (correct)

What employees are much scarcer, which makes recruiting and retaining people more important and difficult?

Qualified Employees

Who has more skills or knowledge than their current jobs or those with part-time jobs who want to work full-time?

Underemployed Workers Signup and view all the answers

What refers to employment activities designed to 'right past wrongs' by increasing opportunities for minorities and women?

Affirmative Action Signup and view all the answers

What refers to discrimination against whites or males in hiring or promoting?

Reverse Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What ensures that employers comply with nondiscrimination and affirmative action laws and regulations when doing business with the federal government?

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) Signup and view all the answers

What are the five steps in the human resource planning process?

<ol> <li>Preparing a human resource inventory of the organization's employees 2. Preparing a job analysis 3. Assessing future human resource demand 4. Assessing future labor supply 5. Establishing a strategic plan</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is in the inventory of the organization's employees?

Demographics, skills, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What is a study of what employees do who hold various job titles?

Job Analysis Signup and view all the answers

What specifies the objectives of the job, the type of work, the responsibilities and duties, working conditions, and the job's relationship to other functions?

Job Description Signup and view all the answers

What refers to a written summary of the minimal education and skills to do a particular job?

Job Specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the set of activities for obtaining the right number of qualified people at the right time?

Recruitment Signup and view all the answers

What include current employees who can be transferred or promoted or who can recommend others to hire?

Internal Sources Signup and view all the answers

What type of source are advertisements, public and private employment agencies, college placement bureaus, management consultants, internet sites, professional organizations, referrals, and online and walk-in?

External Sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of the individual and the organization?

Selection Signup and view all the answers

What are the six steps to the selection process?

<ol> <li>Application forms 2. Initial and follow-up interviews 3. Giving employment tests 4. Conducting background investigations 5. Results from physical exams 6. Establishing trial (probationary) periods</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What includes part-time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co-op students?

Contingent Workers Signup and view all the answers

What includes all attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employee's ability to perform?

Training and Development Signup and view all the answers

What's the difference between training and development?

Training focuses on short-term skills whereas development focuses on long-term abilities Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps of training and development?

<ol> <li>Assessing organization needs and employee skills to determine training needs 2. Designing training activities to meet identified needs 3. Evaluating the training's effectiveness</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the activity that initiates new employees into the organization; to fellow employees; to their immediate supervisors; and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm?

Orientation Signup and view all the answers

What lets the employee learn by doing, or by watching others for a while then imitating them, right at the workplace?

On-the-job Training Signup and view all the answers

What refers to training by watching experienced salespeople perform?

Shadowing Signup and view all the answers

What is a training program involving a period during which a learner works alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft?

Apprentice Programs Signup and view all the answers

Workers who successfully complete an apprenticeship earn the classification of?

Journeyman Signup and view all the answers

What may occur from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop any of a variety of skills or to foster personal development?

Off-the-job Training Signup and view all the answers

What demonstrates how technology is improving the efficiency of many off-the-job training programs?

Online Training Signup and view all the answers

What is done in classrooms with equipment similar to that used on the job so that employees learn proper methods and safety procedures before assuming a specific job assignment?

Vestibule Training Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so that trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job?

Job Simulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of training and educating employees to become good managers, and then monitoring the progress of their managerial skills over time?

Management Development Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in your own and other organizations, and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems?

Networking Signup and view all the answers

What refers to an experienced employee who supervises, coaches, guides lower-level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally being their organizational sponsor?

Mentor Signup and view all the answers

What is an evaluation that measures employee performance against established standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination?

Performance Appraisal Signup and view all the answers

What are the six steps of performance appraisal?

<ol> <li>Establishing performance standards 2. Communicating those standards 3. Evaluating performance 4. Discussing results with employees 5. Taking corrective action 6. Using the results to make decisions</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What rewards the growth of both the individual and the team?

Skill-based pay rewards Signup and view all the answers

When is base pay raised?

When team members learn and apply skills Signup and view all the answers

What is based bonuses on improvements over previous performance?

Gain-sharing systems Signup and view all the answers

What include sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees beyond base wages?

Fringe Benefits Signup and view all the answers

What helps workers maintain the balance between work and family life that is often as important to hardworking employees as the nature of the job itself?

Soft Benefits Signup and view all the answers

What does labor-intensive mean?

The primary cost of operations is the cost of labor Signup and view all the answers

What is wage based on the number of items produced rather than by the hour or day?

Piecework System Signup and view all the answers

What are annual bonuses paid to employees based on the company's profits?

Profit-Sharing Plans Signup and view all the answers

What is the right to purchase stock in the company at a specific price over a specific period?

Stock Options Signup and view all the answers

What is the fringe benefits plan that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount?

Cafeteria-Style Fringe benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is a work schedule that gives employees some freedom to choose when to work, as long as they work the required number of hours?

Flextime Plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the period when all employees are expected to be at their job stations?

Core Time Signup and view all the answers

What is a work schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days?

Compressed Workweek Signup and view all the answers

What is an arrangement whereby two part-time employees share one full-time job?

Job Sharing Signup and view all the answers

What includes one-time cash payments?

Golden Handshakes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Resource Management Overview

Human Resource Management (HRM) involves recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.
HRM has evolved due to the recognition of employees as essential resources and changes in laws affecting traditional practices.

Employee Demographics and Recruitment

Qualified employees are increasingly scarce, highlighting the challenges in recruitment and retention.
Underemployed workers possess more skills than required for their current jobs or wish to transition from part-time to full-time positions.

Diversity and Equity in Employment

Affirmative Action aims to rectify past discrimination by enhancing opportunities for minorities and women.
Reverse discrimination refers to unfair practices against whites or males in hiring processes.

Compliance and Regulations

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) ensures compliance with nondiscrimination and affirmative action laws for businesses with federal contracts.

Human Resource Planning Process

Steps in human resource planning include preparing a workforce inventory, conducting job analyses, forecasting future HR demand and supply, and crafting strategic plans.
The inventory contains data such as demographics and employee skills.

Job Analysis and Specifications

Job analysis examines the responsibilities associated with various job titles.
Job descriptions outline job objectives, work types, conditions, and relationships to other functions, while job specifications detail the minimum qualifications required.

Recruitment Strategies

Recruitment involves sourcing the right number of qualified individuals at appropriate times.
Internal sources include current employees and their referrals, while external sources encompass advertisements, employment agencies, college placements, and online platforms.

Selection Process

Selection is a methodical approach to hiring that aligns with legal guidelines and organizational interests, incorporating application forms, interviews, testing, background checks, health evaluations, and trial periods.

Contingent Workers and Workforce Development

Contingent workers are part-time, temporary, or independent contractors.
Training and development activities aim to enhance employee capabilities for improved productivity, focusing on skill development versus long-term personal and professional growth.

Training and Development Activities

Effective training processes involve assessing organizational needs, designing training programs, and evaluating effectiveness.
Orientation familiarizes new employees with organizational culture, policies, and colleagues.

On-the-job and Off-the-job Training

On-the-job training allows employees to learn while performing tasks with guidance, whereas off-the-job training includes formal programs separate from the workplace.
Online training exemplifies technological advancements in training efficiency, while vestibule training uses dedicated classrooms to simulate job conditions.

Management Development and Mentorship

Management development focuses on nurturing managerial skills over time through comprehensive training.
Networking supports career development by establishing connections across different organizations.
Mentors guide junior employees in professional growth through supervision and coaching.

Performance Evaluation

Performance appraisal measures employee output against standards to inform decisions on promotions, compensation, and training.
A six-step appraisal process includes setting standards, communicating, evaluating outcomes, discussing results, taking corrective actions, and utilizing results for decisions.

Compensation Systems

Skill-based pay rewards individual and team growth linked to skill acquisition.
Gain-sharing systems incentivize performance improvements compared to previous benchmarks.

Benefits and Work-Life Balance

Fringe benefits provide additional compensation beyond wages, covering sick leave, vacations, and health plans.
Soft benefits support employee well-being and work-life balance, complementing job satisfaction.

Labor and Compensation Structures

Labor-intensive operations prioritize workforce costs.
Piecework systems pay employees based on item production, while profit-sharing rewards are distributed based on company profitability.

Stock Options and Flexible Work Arrangements

Employees may be offered stock options to buy shares at designated prices over specified durations.
Cafeteria-style benefits allow personalized employee benefits selection within a set budget.
Flextime plans provide schedule flexibility, while compressed workweeks condense working hours into fewer days. Job sharing enables two employees to share a full-time role.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of Human Resource Management with these flashcards. This chapter covers essential HRM processes including recruitment, development, and employee evaluation. Test your knowledge of the evolving roles and responsibilities in HRM.