Human Reproductive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for cooling the arterial blood supply to the testis?

Ductus deferens

Efferent ductules

Pampiniform plexus (correct)

Seminal vesicles

Where do unused sperm get reabsorbed?

Ejaculatory duct

Ductus deferens

Duct of the epididymis (correct)

Efferent ductules

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of which two structures?

Seminal vesicles and the prostate gland

Efferent ductules and duct of the epididymis

Ductus deferens and prostatic urethra

Ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct (correct)

Which of the following is a function of the internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

Preventing urine from mixing with semen (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accessory glands is a common site of dysfunction in older men?

Prostate gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament directly supports the cervix and upper vagina?

Cardinal ligament (C) Signup and view all the answers

From which arteries do the uterine arteries directly branch?

Internal iliac arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken to its maximum of 5-6 mm, with glands accumulating glycogen?

Secretory phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process that causes the degeneration of the stratum functionalis during the premenstrual phase?

Spasms of the spiral arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

The vesicouterine pouch, formed by the peritoneum, is located between which two organs?

Uterus and bladder (D) Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle?

The first day of vaginal discharge (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the vaginal wall is responsible for its distensibility?

Muscularis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the low pH in the vagina?

To inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the vulva is analogous to the male penis in terms of erectile tissue?

Clitoris (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are responsible for lubricating the vulva and vagina during arousal, and that are homologous to the male bulbourethral glands?

Greater vestibular glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vaginal rugae?

To enhance stimulation during intercourse (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the vestibular bulbs?

Engorge with blood during arousal, enhancing stimulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

The paraurethral glands are homologous to which male reproductive system structure?

Prostate gland (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?

To lubricate the penis and neutralize residual urine acidity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the penis contains the urethral opening?

The glans (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the corpora cavernosa?

It consists of paired tissues anchored to the pubic arch. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood supply to the erectile tissues of the penis?

The internal pudendal arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary sex organ in the male reproductive system?

Testes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is considered a primary sex organ?

The testes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cremaster muscle in the male reproductive system?

To move the testes closer or farther from the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure anchors the ovary to the uterus?

The ovarian ligament (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells within the testes are responsible for producing testosterone?

Interstitial cells (Leydig) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesovarium?

Anchors the ovary to the broad ligament (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of egg cell formation in the ovaries?

Oogenesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum?

To cool arterial blood before it enters the testes (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does oogenesis differ from spermatogenesis?

Oogenesis is a rhythmic process, while spermatogenesis is continuous. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a secondary sex characteristic that develops during adolescence?

Increase in voice pitch (B) Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how long does ovulation last?

2-3 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fibrous capsule that covers the testes?

Tunica albuginea (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

To produce sperm cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of development do the testes descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum?

Inguinal Phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, connective tissue and the ductus deferens?

Spermatic cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and what is its function?

It is formed by sustentacular cells to maintain the optimal internal testicular environment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

To transform into the corpus albicans and cease progesterone production. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uterine tube is described as the trumpet-shaped distal end?

Infundibulum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central portion of the uterus referred to as?

Body (Corpus) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cervical mucus near ovulation?

To thin and facilitate sperm passage. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which uterine layer is responsible for labor contractions during childbirth?

Myometrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stratum basalis layer of the endometrium?

To regenerate the functionalis and support embryo attachment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these anatomical regions is NOT part of the uterus?

Ampulla (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?

The cervical canal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Male Reproductive System

Important male organs and functions are crucial for the system
Location of organs is a key aspect

Sexual Reproduction

Involves two parents creating genetically unique offspring
Gametes are sperm (small and mobile, primarily DNA) and egg (large and nutrient-rich)
Humans are categorized by chromosomes (XY for male, XX for female)

Reproductive System Overview

The female system produces eggs and receives sperm, enabling fertilization and carrying the fetus
The male system generates and delivers sperm over 128 days
Offspring are nourished and develop in the female system
Kidneys and other organs constantly generate and sustain sperm
Reproductive organs differ significantly in development between sexes

Reproductive System Overview (Secondary Points)

Male organs include testes for sperm production
Female organs include ovaries for egg production
Secondary organs support and transport these structures (ducts, glands, etc.)
Important for reproduction in both sexes
Fertilization and fetal development unique to females

Male Genital Organs

Bladder drains into the urethra, passes through the prostate to the ejaculatory duct

Male Perineum

Anatomical region with regions (triangles) and surface topography

Scrotum

Contains testes, divided compartments by internal septum (perineal raphe)
Muscle layers in scrotum (cremaster, dartos) control temperature for sperm production.
Spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues.

Scrotum (details)

Testes are in the scrotum, an important location.
Internal septum separates the compartments of the scrotum, marked by perineal raphe.
Temperatures for sperm production are regulated by cremaster and dartos muscles.

Testis

Oval organs with size of 4x3x2.5cm
Covered by tunica vaginalis and albuginea
Internal septa divide testes into lobules with seminiferous tubules for sperm production.

Testis (development)

Testes develop near kidneys in abdominal cavity
Shift to inguinal canal during 7th month of gestation
Positioned in scrotum by birth

Seminiferous Tubules

Contain germinal epithelium for germ cells and sustentacular cells (Sertoli)
Provide nutrients and form the blood-testis barrier (BTB)
Secrete inhibin and androgen-binding proteins

Interstitial Cells (Leydig)

Located between tubules
Secrete testosterone, hormone essential for sperm production.

Rete Testis

Network for sperm transport
Sperm mature before reaching the epididymis

Testis (Blood Supply and Drainage)

Supplied by testicular artery from abdominal aorta
Venous drainage through pampiniform plexus
Right-drains to inferior vena cava, Left-drains to left renal vein

Ducts

Efferent ductules, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct are parts of the duct system
These crucial routes facilitate maturation, storage, and transport of sperm

Ducts (details)

Efferent ductules collect sperm from testis
Epididymis: Site of sperm maturation (40-60 days)
Ductus deferens (vas deferens): Muscular pathway for sperm
Ejaculatory duct: Formed from union of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle ducts; empties into urethra.
Urethra: Common channel for urine and sperm, with 3 regions (prostatic, membranous, penile).

Accessory Glands

Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands release secretions that contribute to semen

Penis

Organ for semen deposition; control of erections
Shaft and glans (expanded head)
Internal structures include corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Root attaches to inferior pubic arch/ischial arch, with crura

Penis (details)

Erection mechanism involves erectile tissues (corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum)
Filling with blood causes elongation (parasympathetic activation)
Blood supply from internal pudendal arteries; via deep and dorsal arteries.

Female Reproductive System

Title only

Reproductive System Overview (Female)

Classification by location (external genitalia in perineum. Internal genitalia in pelvic cavity)
List of female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)

Ovary

Produce eggs and sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
Oval organs (3 cm x 1.5cm x 1cm)
Location: Posterior pelvic wall, in ovarian fossa
Capsule is called tunica albuginea
Divided into cortex (follicles) and medulla (blood vessels)

Ovary (details)

Oogenesis produces eggs via meiosis, in contrast to spermatogenesis.
The cycle is rhythmic, called the ovarian cycle
Ovarian cycle produces functional gametes from each germ cell but other cells degrade
Each germ cell (oogonium) becomes one functional gamete in a monthly cycle.

Uterine Tubes

Muscular tubes (10 cm)
Four divisions: infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial parts.
Transport oocyte/embryo from ovary to uterus

Uterus

Thick muscular chamber.
Houses and nourishes the developing fetus.
Primarily involved in pregnancy.

Uterus (details)

Thickens during pregnancy, provides nutrition
Expels the fetus at the end of development
Shape: pear-like (fundus, body, cervix)
Size: about 7cm long, 4cm wide, 2.5cm thick

Uterus (structure)

Layers of the uterine wall (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium)
Blood supply from internal iliac arteries, forming arcuate arteries distributing to endometrium

Vagina

Muscular tube (8-10 cm)
Roles: menstrual discharge, sexual intercourse, and childbirth
Structure: layers (adventitia, muscularis, mucosa)
Lacks glands, lubricated by transudation and cervical mucus
Contains ridges (rugae)
Forms fornices around cervix

External Genitalia

Vulva and pudendum consist of structures
Include (Mons pubis, Labia majora, Labia minora, Clitoris)
Sensory organ with erectile tissues

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Description

Test your knowledge about the human reproductive system with this quiz. Answer questions about male and female anatomy, menstrual cycles, and reproductive functions. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.