Human Reproductive System Quiz

Male Reproductive System

• Important male organs and functions are crucial for the system
• Location of organs is a key aspect

Sexual Reproduction

• Involves two parents creating genetically unique offspring
• Gametes are sperm (small and mobile, primarily DNA) and egg (large and nutrient-rich)
• Humans are categorized by chromosomes (XY for male, XX for female)

Reproductive System Overview

• The female system produces eggs and receives sperm, enabling fertilization and carrying the fetus
• The male system generates and delivers sperm over 128 days
• Offspring are nourished and develop in the female system
• Kidneys and other organs constantly generate and sustain sperm
• Reproductive organs differ significantly in development between sexes

Reproductive System Overview (Secondary Points)

• Male organs include testes for sperm production
• Female organs include ovaries for egg production
• Secondary organs support and transport these structures (ducts, glands, etc.)
• Important for reproduction in both sexes
• Fertilization and fetal development unique to females

Male Genital Organs

• Bladder drains into the urethra, passes through the prostate to the ejaculatory duct

Male Perineum

• Anatomical region with regions (triangles) and surface topography

Scrotum

• Contains testes, divided compartments by internal septum (perineal raphe)
• Muscle layers in scrotum (cremaster, dartos) control temperature for sperm production.
• Spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues.

Scrotum (details)

• Testes are in the scrotum, an important location.
• Internal septum separates the compartments of the scrotum, marked by perineal raphe.
• Temperatures for sperm production are regulated by cremaster and dartos muscles.

Testis

• Oval organs with size of 4x3x2.5cm
• Covered by tunica vaginalis and albuginea
• Internal septa divide testes into lobules with seminiferous tubules for sperm production.

Testis (development)

• Testes develop near kidneys in abdominal cavity
• Shift to inguinal canal during 7th month of gestation
• Positioned in scrotum by birth

Seminiferous Tubules

• Contain germinal epithelium for germ cells and sustentacular cells (Sertoli)
• Provide nutrients and form the blood-testis barrier (BTB)
• Secrete inhibin and androgen-binding proteins

Interstitial Cells (Leydig)

• Located between tubules
• Secrete testosterone, hormone essential for sperm production.

Rete Testis

• Network for sperm transport
• Sperm mature before reaching the epididymis

Testis (Blood Supply and Drainage)

• Supplied by testicular artery from abdominal aorta
• Venous drainage through pampiniform plexus
• Right-drains to inferior vena cava, Left-drains to left renal vein

Ducts

• Efferent ductules, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct are parts of the duct system
• These crucial routes facilitate maturation, storage, and transport of sperm

Ducts (details)

• Efferent ductules collect sperm from testis
• Epididymis: Site of sperm maturation (40-60 days)
• Ductus deferens (vas deferens): Muscular pathway for sperm
• Ejaculatory duct: Formed from union of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle ducts; empties into urethra.
• Urethra: Common channel for urine and sperm, with 3 regions (prostatic, membranous, penile).

Accessory Glands

• Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands release secretions that contribute to semen

Penis

• Organ for semen deposition; control of erections
• Shaft and glans (expanded head)
• Internal structures include corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
• Root attaches to inferior pubic arch/ischial arch, with crura

Penis (details)

• Erection mechanism involves erectile tissues (corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum)
• Filling with blood causes elongation (parasympathetic activation)
• Blood supply from internal pudendal arteries; via deep and dorsal arteries.

Female Reproductive System

• Title only

Reproductive System Overview (Female)

• Classification by location (external genitalia in perineum. Internal genitalia in pelvic cavity)
• List of female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)

Ovary

• Produce eggs and sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
• Oval organs (3 cm x 1.5cm x 1cm)
• Location: Posterior pelvic wall, in ovarian fossa
• Capsule is called tunica albuginea
• Divided into cortex (follicles) and medulla (blood vessels)

Ovary (details)

• Oogenesis produces eggs via meiosis, in contrast to spermatogenesis.
• The cycle is rhythmic, called the ovarian cycle
• Ovarian cycle produces functional gametes from each germ cell but other cells degrade
• Each germ cell (oogonium) becomes one functional gamete in a monthly cycle.

Uterine Tubes

• Muscular tubes (10 cm)
• Four divisions: infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial parts.
• Transport oocyte/embryo from ovary to uterus

Uterus

• Thick muscular chamber.
• Houses and nourishes the developing fetus.
• Primarily involved in pregnancy.

Uterus (details)

• Thickens during pregnancy, provides nutrition
• Expels the fetus at the end of development
• Shape: pear-like (fundus, body, cervix)
• Size: about 7cm long, 4cm wide, 2.5cm thick

Uterus (structure)

• Layers of the uterine wall (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium)
• Blood supply from internal iliac arteries, forming arcuate arteries distributing to endometrium

Vagina

• Muscular tube (8-10 cm)
• Roles: menstrual discharge, sexual intercourse, and childbirth
• Structure: layers (adventitia, muscularis, mucosa)
• Lacks glands, lubricated by transudation and cervical mucus
• Contains ridges (rugae)
• Forms fornices around cervix

External Genitalia

• Vulva and pudendum consist of structures
• Include (Mons pubis, Labia majora, Labia minora, Clitoris)
• Sensory organ with erectile tissues