Human Reproductive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for the drainage of blood from the left testis?

External iliac vein

Right renal vein

Left renal vein (correct)

Inferior vena cava

What is the main function of the epididymis?

Maturation and storage of sperm (correct)

Secretion of seminal fluid

Transportation of sperm to the ejaculatory duct

Production of sperm

Which duct is formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct?

Prostatic duct

Ejaculatory duct (correct)

Efferent ductules

Urethra

During ejaculation, what role does the internal urethral sphincter play?

Prevents semen from entering the bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory gland contributes fluid to the ejaculatory ducts?

Seminal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily responsible for supporting the cervix and upper vagina?

Cardinal ligaments Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrial tissue rebuild after menstruation?

Proliferative Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of spiral arteries within the uterus?

To regulate blood flow in the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

Necrosis occurs in the stratum functionalis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the broad ligament specifically supports the uterine tube?

Mesosalpinx Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the formation of the corpus luteum?

The ruptured follicle collapses and fills with granulosa cells. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

It becomes an inactive scar called the corpus albicans. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uterine tube is described as the trumpet-shaped distal end with fimbriae?

Infundibulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus?

Harboring the fetus during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle?

The discharge of menstrual fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is NOT part of the vaginal wall?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uterus is narrow and located at the inferior end?

Cervix Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in the vaginal epithelium?

To create a low pH for inhibiting pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cervical glands in the uterus?

To secrete mucus to block microbial entry. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the external female genitalia?

Cervix Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for labor contractions?

Myometrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cilia and muscle contractions in the uterine tube?

To propel the oocyte toward the uterus. Signup and view all the answers

What role do greater vestibular glands play in the female reproductive system?

They lubricate the vulva and vagina during arousal Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the female reproductive system is homologous to the male prostate?

Paraurethral (Skene) glands Signup and view all the answers

The rugae in the vagina serve what primary purpose?

To enhance stimulation during intercourse Signup and view all the answers

The transformation of vaginal epithelium from simple cuboidal to stratified squamous is primarily influenced by what?

Estrogen hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?

Lubricate the penis and neutralize urine acidity Signup and view all the answers

Which erectile tissue surrounds the urethra and forms the glans?

Corpus spongiosum Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of erection?

Deep arteries dilate, filling lacunae with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ovarian ligament?

Attaches the ovary to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

How many functional gametes are produced from one oogonium during oogenesis?

One functional gamete Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ovaries after menopause?

They shrink and consist mainly of scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

To produce sperm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily supports the ovary and carries the ovarian vessels?

Suspensory ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for regulating the distance of the testes from the body?

Cremaster muscle Signup and view all the answers

What type of arteries supply blood to the erectile tissues of the penis?

Internal pudendal arteries Signup and view all the answers

How do the interstitial cells (Leydig) in the testes primarily function?

They secrete testosterone Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Around Day 14 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the penis is covered by the foreskin?

Glans Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT considered a primary sex organ in the male reproductive system?

Prostate gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus in the male reproductive system?

To cool arterial blood Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do the testes descend through the inguinal canal?

Inguinal Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for sperm maturation before storage?

Epididymis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells) in the testes?

Providing nutrients to germ cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the male reproductive system?

Facilitating fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the external genitalia found in the male reproductive system?

Penis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Male Reproductive System

Review the presentation and complete the quizzes
Note the important main organs and their functions
Location of the organs is also important

Sexual Reproduction

Involves two parents creating genetically unique offspring
Gametes are:
- Sperm (small, motile, primarily DNA)
- Egg (large, nutrient-rich)
Humans are categorized by chromosomes (XY for male, XX for female)

Reproductive System Overview

The female system produces eggs and receives sperm.
Fertilization occurs.
The fetus develops and is nurtured.
Childbirth occurs.
The male system produces and delivers sperm.
The cycle time is 128 days (approximate)

Reproductive System Overview (page 4)

Primary Sex Organs (Gonads):
- Male: Testes (produce sperm)
- Female: Ovaries (produce eggs)
Secondary Sex Organs:
- Male: Ducts, glands, and penis (storage, survival, transport of sperm)
- Female: Uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina (fertilization, fetal development)

Male Genital Organs

The diagram shows the male internal genital organs and their position in the body.

Male Perineum

The diagram illustrates anatomy including regions of the perineum, emphasizing the surface topography.

Scrotum

Contains the testes
Divided into two compartments by a septum
Contains cremaster muscles (regulating temperature)
Contains dartos muscles (regulating temperature)
Contains pampiniform plexus (regulating temperature)

Scrotum (page 10)

The scrotum holds the spermatic cord
The spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves, connective tissue, and the ductus deferens.
The spermatic cord journeys through the inguinal canal to the pelvic cavity

Scrotum (page 11)

The scrotum regulates testicular temperature at roughly 35°C.
This regulation happens via three mechanisms: cremaster muscles, dartos muscles, and the pampiniform plexus.

Testis (page 12)

Oval-shaped organs (4cmx3cmx2.5cm)
Covered by tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea
Divided into lobules containing seminiferous tubules (sperm production)

Testis (page 13)

Initially develop near the kidneys
Move through the inguinal canal into the scrotum during fetal development

Testis (page 14)

Contains seminiferous tubules lined with germinal epithelium (germ cells and sustentacular cells).
Sustentacular cells provide nutrients and form the blood-testis barrier.
Interstitial cells produce testosterone.
Rete testis is a network for sperm transport.

Testis (page 15)

Arterial supply is from the testicular artery (abdominal aorta)
Venous drainage is through the pampiniform plexus (cooling)
Veins drain to the inferior vena cava (right) and left renal vein (left)

Ducts (page 16)

Sperm travels through several ducts to reach the urethra:
- Efferent ductules
- Duct of the epididymis (sperm maturation and storage - 40-60 days)
- Ductus deferens/Vas Deferens (muscular tube, 45cm long)
- Ejaculatory duct

Ducts (page 17)

Ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct
It passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra
The shared urethra has prostatic, membranous, and spongy portions.
Prevents urine from mixing with semen during ejaculation

Accessory Glands (page 18)

Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland and Bulbourethral glands add fluids to semen
All these glands are important for sperm production.

Penis (page 19)

Deposit semen into vagina during ejaculation (sympathetic activation)
Composed of shaft and glans (expanded head)
Internal parts include root and erectile tissues (corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa).

Penis (page 20)

Composed of erectile tissues: corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa.
Corpus spongiosum surrounds urethra and forms glans.
Corpora cavernosa are paired tissues anchored to the pubic arch by crura.

Penis (page 21)

Internal pudendal arteries supply erectile tissues.
Deep arteries dilate to fill lacunae, causing swelling and elongation (parasympathetic activation).

Female Reproductive System (page 22)

General review of the female reproductive system

Reproductive system overview (page 23)

Classification by location (external and internal genitalia) for both male and female reproductive systems showing organs
Internal and External Genitalia for males and females including specific anatomical descriptions of the anatomy

Reproductive System Overview (page 24)

Male: Testes (produce sperm), Ducts, glands, and penis (storage, survival, transport of sperm)
Female: Ovaries (produce eggs), uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina (fertilization and fetal development)

Ovarium (page 25)

Produce egg cells and sex hormones.
Ovarian fossa, posterior pelvic wall.
Tunica albuginea capsule divides into medulla (arteries, veins) and cortex (ovarian follicles).

Ovarium (page 26)

Supported by the ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament, and mesovarium.
Connective tissue ligaments anchor the ovary.

Ovarium (page 27)

Receives blood from the ovarian branch of the uterine artery and the ovarian artery from the abdominal aorta
Arteries anastomose near the ovary, supplying it with blood

Ovarium (page 28)

Oogenesis is the process of egg production via meiosis.
It occurs in a rhythmic pattern called the ovarian cycle.
One functional egg (oocyte) matures, with other daughter cells becoming polar bodies and degenerating.

Ovarium (page 29)

Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle
Follicle rupture releases the oocyte.
Corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone.
If no pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans.

Uterine Tubes (page 30)

Fallopian tubes that connect the ovary to the uterus.
The fallopian tube has four segments, Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and mesosalpinx
It aids in the transport of the oocyte / egg.
Cilia and muscle contractions guide the egg toward the uterus.

Uterus (page 31)

Thick, muscular chamber
Function: Harbors the fetus during pregnancy; provides nutrition from the placenta, and expels fetus after gestation.

Uterus (page 32)

Pear-shaped with fundus (upper curvature), body, and cervix (lower portion).
Smaller in size than anticipated, approximately 7cm long, 4cm wide, with 2.5cm thickness.

Uterus (page 33)

Cervical canal connects uterus to vagina.
Internal os connects to uterus, external to vagina.
Cervical glands secrete mucus that blocks microbial entry to the vagina and facilitates sperm passage during ovulation.

Uterus (page 34)

The uterine wall has three layers: perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
Myometrium is the middle layer of smooth muscle responsible for labor contractions
The endometrium sheds during menstruation.

Uterus (page 35)

Supported by the muscular floor of the pelvic outlet.
Peritoneal folds that form supportive ligaments include: broad ligament, cardinal ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, and round ligaments

Uterus (page 36)

Peritoneal folds create two pouches:
- Vesicouterine: between uterus and bladder
- Retouterine/Douglas: between uterus and rectum

Uterus (page 37)

Uterine blood supply is crucial for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Uterine arteries branch from internal iliac arteries.
Arcuate arteries branch from uterine arteries, creating a network throughout the myometrium and endometrium.
Spiral arteries regulate blood flow.

Uterus (page 38)

Three phases of the menstrual cycle:
- Proliferative (days 6-14): endometrium rebuilding
- Secretory (days 15-26): thickening for potential implantation
The phases continue in a cyclical 28-day pattern.

Uterus (page 39)

Premenstrual phase (days 26-28): corpus luteum involution leads to ischemia, necrosis, and degeneration of stratum functionalis, causing menses.
Menstrual phase (day 1): cycle restarts, discharging menstrual fluid.

Vagina (page 40)

A 8-10 cm tube with roles in menstruation, sexual intercourse and childbirth.
It has three layers: adventitia, muscularis, and mucosa.
Lacks glands; lubricated by transudation.

Vagina (page 41)

Rugae: Transverse ridges that enhance stimulation during intercourse.
Hymen: Membrane at the vaginal orifice (typically ruptured)
Epithelium transforms from simple cuboidal to stratified squamous (puberty).

External Genitalia (page 42)

External female genitalia (vulva):
- Mons pubis, Labia majora, Labia minora, clitoris

External Genitalia and Glands (page 43)

Important female genitalia include erectile tissues (vestibular bulbs), glands (greater vestibular/Bartholin's and lesser vestibular glands), and paraurethral/Skene's glands.
Their functions relate to lubrication, sensory stimulation, and sexual function

Homologous Organs (page 44)

Similar structures in males and females originating from the same embryonic tissues.
Homologous organs can perform similar functions due to their similar structure despite the reproductive systems being noticeably different.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the human reproductive system. This quiz covers important concepts including the roles of various glands, the menstrual cycle, and anatomical structures. Perfect for students studying reproductive biology or health sciences.