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Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of Depo Pro-Vera?
What is the primary use of Depo Pro-Vera?
What occurs during the ischemic phase if fertilization does not happen?
What occurs during the ischemic phase if fertilization does not happen?
At what stage is the embryo defined as being from the time following implantation until organogenesis is complete?
At what stage is the embryo defined as being from the time following implantation until organogenesis is complete?
What does the term 'gravida' refer to in obstetrics?
What does the term 'gravida' refer to in obstetrics?
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What is the recommended timing for chorionic villi sampling?
What is the recommended timing for chorionic villi sampling?
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What does an elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level indicate?
What does an elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level indicate?
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Which of the following best describes the period of viability for a fetus?
Which of the following best describes the period of viability for a fetus?
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Which statement best describes the effects of low levels of estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual phase?
Which statement best describes the effects of low levels of estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual phase?
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What is the primary psychological task for the mother during the second trimester of pregnancy?
What is the primary psychological task for the mother during the second trimester of pregnancy?
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Which theory of parturition suggests that the reduction in progesterone levels leads to uterine contractions?
Which theory of parturition suggests that the reduction in progesterone levels leads to uterine contractions?
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Which type of pelvis is considered ideal for childbirth?
Which type of pelvis is considered ideal for childbirth?
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How does concern for the baby change as the pregnancy progresses through the trimesters?
How does concern for the baby change as the pregnancy progresses through the trimesters?
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What defines Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)?
What defines Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)?
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Which factor does NOT affect labor?
Which factor does NOT affect labor?
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At which stage of pregnancy does the mother primarily focus on acceptance of parenthood?
At which stage of pregnancy does the mother primarily focus on acceptance of parenthood?
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What role do prostaglandins play in parturition?
What role do prostaglandins play in parturition?
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What is the priority during the third stage of labor?
What is the priority during the third stage of labor?
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When should oxytocin be administered in relation to placental expulsion?
When should oxytocin be administered in relation to placental expulsion?
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What is the normal rate for administering oxytocin prior to placental expulsion?
What is the normal rate for administering oxytocin prior to placental expulsion?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of the body's reabsorption of water after delivery?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the body's reabsorption of water after delivery?
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What defines a viable fetus in relation to the first trimester?
What defines a viable fetus in relation to the first trimester?
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What does the term 'bloody show' refer to in the context of labor?
What does the term 'bloody show' refer to in the context of labor?
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During which phase of the first stage of labor does cervical dilation occur from 0 to 3 cm?
During which phase of the first stage of labor does cervical dilation occur from 0 to 3 cm?
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How long does the Active Phase of the first stage of labor generally last for a multipara?
How long does the Active Phase of the first stage of labor generally last for a multipara?
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What indicates that the amniotic membrane has potentially ruptured?
What indicates that the amniotic membrane has potentially ruptured?
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What is the significance of the Nitrazine test?
What is the significance of the Nitrazine test?
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What is the typical duration of the Transition Phase during the first stage of labor?
What is the typical duration of the Transition Phase during the first stage of labor?
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If the membranes have ruptured for greater than 24 hours without delivery, what is the most likely intervention needed?
If the membranes have ruptured for greater than 24 hours without delivery, what is the most likely intervention needed?
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What should be avoided if the cervix is not fully dilated?
What should be avoided if the cervix is not fully dilated?
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What is the primary function of the fallopian tube?
What is the primary function of the fallopian tube?
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Which segment of the fallopian tube is most commonly associated with ectopic pregnancies?
Which segment of the fallopian tube is most commonly associated with ectopic pregnancies?
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What role does the scrotum serve in male reproductive anatomy?
What role does the scrotum serve in male reproductive anatomy?
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What component is primarily secreted by the seminal vesicle?
What component is primarily secreted by the seminal vesicle?
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Which structure is responsible for the maturation of sperm?
Which structure is responsible for the maturation of sperm?
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How many layers of erectile tissue does the penis consist of?
How many layers of erectile tissue does the penis consist of?
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What is the primary role of the ejaculatory duct in male reproductive anatomy?
What is the primary role of the ejaculatory duct in male reproductive anatomy?
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What is located in the scrotum?
What is located in the scrotum?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System
- Ovaries: produce eggs, estrogen, and progesterone, regulating the menstrual cycle
-
Fallopian Tubes: 10cm long, transport eggs from ovaries to uterus, site of fertilization
- Infundibulum: funnel-shaped, covered in fimbria to guide the egg
- Ampulla: longest portion, common site for fertilization and ectopic pregnancy
- Isthmus: portion that is cut or sealed in a tubal ligation
- Interstitial: most dangerous site for ectopic pregnancy
Male Reproductive System
-
Penis: organ for copulation and urination
- Corpus Cavernosa: lateral erectile tissue
- Corpus Spongiosum: located on the underside of the penis
- Scrotum: pouch below penis containing testes, regulates temperature
- Testes: ovoid glands, produce sperm
- Epididymis: conducts sperm from testes to vas deferens, site of sperm maturation
- Vas Deferens: carries sperm from epididymis to abdominal cavity, sperm matures further
- Seminal Vesicles: secretes viscous semen containing fructose, protein, and prostaglandin
- Ejaculatory Duct: conducts semen from vesicles to urethra
Menstrual Cycle
- Proliferative Phase: estrogen causes endometrial growth and thickening
- Secretory Phase: progesterone causes further thickening and development of glands
- Ischemic Phase: corpus luteum regresses, progesterone and estrogen decrease, endometrium degenerates and sloughs off
- Menstrual Phase: low estrogen and progesterone, menstrual flow occurs
Pregnancy Terminology
- Zygote: fertilized egg, less than 2 weeks
- Embryo: developing fetus from implantation to organogenesis, 2 to 8 weeks
- Fetus: 8 weeks to birth
- Viability: ability to live outside the uterus, typically 24 weeks and above
- Gravida: number of pregnancies regardless of outcome
- TPAL: term pregnancies, preterm pregnancies, abortions, living children
Fetal Assessment
- Amniocentesis: needle inserted into amniotic sac to analyze amniotic fluid for fetal abnormalities
- Chorionic Villi Sampling: retrieves and analyzes chorionic villi from placenta for chromosome or DNA analysis
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): glycoprotein produced by fetal liver, high levels may indicate neural tube defects, low levels may indicate chromosomal disorders
Stages of Labor
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First Stage: onset of contractions to complete cervical dilation (10cm)
- Latent Phase: mild contractions, cervical effacement, dilation 0-3 cm
- Active Phase: moderate contractions, dilation 4-7 cm
- Transition Phase: strong contractions, dilation 8-10 cm
- Second Stage: complete cervical dilation to delivery of fetus
- Third Stage: delivery of placenta
- Fourth Stage: first 1-4 hours after delivery of placenta, focuses on homeostasis and bleeding risks
Factors Affecting Labor
-
Pelvic Dimension: pelvis shape and size
- Android: male pelvis, narrow
- Anthropoid: long, narrow
- Gynecoid: ideal for childbirth
- Platypelloid: flattened
- Fetal Dimensions: size of fetus in relation to pelvic size
- Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD): fetal head larger than maternal pelvis
Hemorrhagic Disorders in Pregnancy
-
Abortion/Miscarriage: pregnancy interruption before viability, most common cause is chromosomal abnormalities
- Spontaneous Abortion: naturally occurring miscarriage
- Induced Abortion: intentional termination of pregnancy
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Description
Explore the essential components of the female and male reproductive systems with this quiz. Test your knowledge on the functions of ovaries, fallopian tubes, penis, testes, and more. This is perfect for students studying human biology or health sciences.
