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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm?
What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm?
The urethra in males is exclusively for the discharge of semen.
The urethra in males is exclusively for the discharge of semen.
False
What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
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The ovum is smaller than the sperm and has the ability to move by itself.
The ovum is smaller than the sperm and has the ability to move by itself.
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What is the duration of the menstrual cycle in humans?
What is the duration of the menstrual cycle in humans?
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What happens immediately after ovulation?
What happens immediately after ovulation?
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The __________ is a coiled tube that stores sperms temporarily.
The __________ is a coiled tube that stores sperms temporarily.
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The body undergoes changes during puberty due to increased production of __________ hormones.
The body undergoes changes during puberty due to increased production of __________ hormones.
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Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying sperms from the epididymis to the urethra?
Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying sperms from the epididymis to the urethra?
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The fertile period occurs only during menstruation.
The fertile period occurs only during menstruation.
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Match the following male reproductive glands with their functions:
Match the following male reproductive glands with their functions:
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Match the following structure of human gametes with their descriptions:
Match the following structure of human gametes with their descriptions:
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At what age does a woman typically reach menopause?
At what age does a woman typically reach menopause?
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Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic in males?
Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic in males?
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The __________ is the site of fertilization in the female body.
The __________ is the site of fertilization in the female body.
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The penis is responsible for transferring sperm during sexual intercourse.
The penis is responsible for transferring sperm during sexual intercourse.
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Match the following stages of fertilization with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of fertilization with their descriptions:
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Menstruation lasts for about 10 days.
Menstruation lasts for about 10 days.
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What are the four main structures of the male reproductive system?
What are the four main structures of the male reproductive system?
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What happens to the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur?
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Which hormone is released by the yellow body to thicken the uterine lining?
Which hormone is released by the yellow body to thicken the uterine lining?
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Menstruation does not occur if fertilization is successful.
Menstruation does not occur if fertilization is successful.
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What prevents additional sperm from entering the ovum after fertilization?
What prevents additional sperm from entering the ovum after fertilization?
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What is the fertilized ovum called?
What is the fertilized ovum called?
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The diploid number of chromosomes is not restored in the zygote.
The diploid number of chromosomes is not restored in the zygote.
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What is the process called when the embryo attaches to the uterine lining?
What is the process called when the embryo attaches to the uterine lining?
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The ________ encloses the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid.
The ________ encloses the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid.
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Which of the following is a function of amniotic fluid?
Which of the following is a function of amniotic fluid?
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Match the following structures with their functions:
Match the following structures with their functions:
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The umbilical cord carries both deoxygenated and oxygenated blood between the mother and the embryo.
The umbilical cord carries both deoxygenated and oxygenated blood between the mother and the embryo.
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What is the significance of separating the blood of the embryo and the mother?
What is the significance of separating the blood of the embryo and the mother?
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What is the term used for the period from fertilization to birth?
What is the term used for the period from fertilization to birth?
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The foetus can move its arms and legs by week 12.
The foetus can move its arms and legs by week 12.
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What can a pregnant woman do to ensure the health of the foetus?
What can a pregnant woman do to ensure the health of the foetus?
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In amniocentesis, the ____ is analyzed to check for genetic abnormalities.
In amniocentesis, the ____ is analyzed to check for genetic abnormalities.
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Match the week to its corresponding foetal development milestone:
Match the week to its corresponding foetal development milestone:
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Which of the following is a recommended practice for prenatal care?
Which of the following is a recommended practice for prenatal care?
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A blood sample from the mother cannot be used to check for foetal DNA abnormalities.
A blood sample from the mother cannot be used to check for foetal DNA abnormalities.
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What does the placenta NOT do?
What does the placenta NOT do?
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Study Notes
Human Reproductive Systems
- Flowering plants can reproduce sexually or asexually, but humans only reproduce sexually
- Human reproductive systems are specialized for sexual reproduction
Male Reproductive System
- The male reproductive system consists of the testes, which produce sperm and male hormones
- Testes are located in the scrotum, keeping the temperature 2-3°C lower than body temp for optimal sperm development.
- Epididymis: Stores sperm temporarily
- Vas deferens: Carries sperm from epididymis to urethra
- Urethra: Discharges semen out of the body (and urine)
- Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's glands secrete seminal fluid:
- Provides a medium for sperm to swim
- Contains sugars for sperm energy
- Contains mucus for lubrication
- Neutralizes acidic urine/vaginal secretions
- Semen: Combination of seminal fluid and sperm
- Penis: The copulatory organ, transferring sperm to the female's vagina during sexual intercourse. It contains erectile tissue and blood vessels.
Female Reproductive System
- The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, which produce ova (eggs) and female hormones.
- Ovaries contain immature ova (eggs) at birth. These are enclosed in follicles.
- Oviducts (fallopian tubes): Funnel shaped opening near each ovary collecting the ovum. Cilia sweep it to the uterus. Fertilization occurs here.
- Uterus: Site of embryo implantation and development
- Vagina: Holds penis during intercourse, acts as the birth canal
- The uterine lining thickens and blood supply increases before ovulation. The lining breaks down if fertilization does not occur, resulting in menstruation.
- Ovulation is the release of the ovum into the oviduct.
Human Gametes
- Sperm: Tiny, tadpole-shaped; head (acrosome and nucleus), midpiece (mitochondria), tail
- Ovum: Spherical; larger than sperm, contains food reserves, a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a jelly coat.
Production of Gametes
- Sperms: Produced in seminiferous tubules of testes throughout the life of a male, starting at puberty. Increased male hormones stimulate cells to divide mitotically and then meiotically, forming sperm.
- Ova: Produced in ovaries starting before birth, continuing cyclically after puberty. The increased level of female hormones causes many follicles to develop and then, usually only one, fully matures and releases an egg in a 28-day cycle.
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
- Secondary sexual characteristics develop at puberty due to changes in hormone levels. These traits are in addition to the reproductive organs present at birth.
- Male: deeper voice, broader shoulders, more muscular, facial hair growth
- Female: Breast development, wider hips, fat deposition, and some hair growth.
Fertilization
- Sperms travel to the oviducts to meet the ovum
- Sperms release enzymes to break down the jelly coat of the ovum.
- The head of the sperm enters the ovum's cytoplasm, causing the jelly coat to become impermeable.
- Nuclei of sperm and egg fuse, forming a zygote.
Implantation
- The zygote develops into an embryo by mitotic cell division before reaching the uterus.
- Upon arriving at the uterus, the embryo embeds itself (implantation) into the thickened uterine lining, which marks the beginning of pregnancy.
Development of Embryo/Foetus
- The embryo develops into a foetus through cell division.
- All the major organs form during the first three months.
- Development continues until birth
Prenatal Care
- A balanced diet with folic acid and iodine is important for the mother's and foetus' health
- Regular prenatal check-ups are vital
- Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and drug use during pregnancy is critical.
Twins
- Identical twins develop from one fertilized ovum splitting into two embryos and sharing the same genetic make-up and sex.
- Fraternal twins develop from two separate fertilized ova and result in two genetically unique individuals.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the male and female reproductive systems in this quiz designed for biology students. Topics include the functions of reproductive organs, characteristics of gametes, and hormonal changes during puberty. Ideal for those studying human biology or health sciences.
