Human Reproductive System: Gametes and Sperm Development

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What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

To regulate the temperature of the testes
To control sperm production and create a blood-testes barrier (correct)
To produce hormones that stimulate the development of germ cells
To facilitate the movement of sperm through the tubules

What is the approximate number of chromosomes in a single male gamete?

50
23 (correct)
20
46

What is the purpose of the dartos and cremaster muscles in the scrotum?

To regulate the production of sperm in the testes
To control the temperature of the testes by contracting or relaxing (correct)
To produce hormones that stimulate the development of germ cells
To facilitate the movement of sperm through the epididymis

What is the function of the tunica albuginea in the testes?

To separate each testis into 300-400 lobules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of chromosomes in a fertilized zygote?

46 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of sperm production in the testes?

In the seminiferous tubules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the breasts in relation to the reproductive system?

To provide milk or colostrum through lactation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which hormonal birth control works?

By supplying a constant amount of estrogen and progesterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are capable of developing into either male or female reproductive systems?

Bipotential cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the hypothalamus begin to produce more hormones, leading to sexual maturity?

At puberty (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of poor nutrition on puberty in females?

It leads to an earlier onset of puberty (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the growth spurt in males?

Into early 20’s (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the developing sperm cell divides to form spermatids, and then finally sperm?

Spermatogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tightly packed mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm cell?

To produce ATP to power the flagellum (D) Signup and view all the answers

How often does a new cycle of sperm development start?

Every 16 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store and mature sperm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of semen that is made up of sperm?

5% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microorganisms present in the vagina?

To protect the reproductive tract from pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated duration of an ovarian cycle?

28 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the prostate in the male reproductive system?

To add fluid to coagulate the semen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone responsible for differentiating the male sexual reproductive organs in a fetus?

Testosterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the 3 smaller cells that result from oocyte division?

They disintegrate eventually (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one or both testes failing to descend into the scrotum prior to birth?

Cryptorchidism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of mitochondrial DNA in the zygote?

Only the mother (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the LH surge in the ovarian cycle?

High levels of estrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the penis that contains the majority of nerve endings?

Glans penis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nitric oxide in the penis during erection?

To relax muscles and allow blood to flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cilia in the uterine tubes?

To create a current for the oocyte to travel to the uterus (B) Signup and view all the answers