Human Reproductive Anatomy Quiz
91 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What size range do primary follicles typically have?

  • 250-500 μm
  • 50-100 μm
  • 25-50 μm
  • 100-250 μm (correct)

    • Which structure is primarily formed by the remnants of the ovulated follicle?

  • Theca externa
  • Cumulus oophorus
  • Zona pellucida
  • Corpus luteum (correct)

    • In which stage are primordial follicles primarily found?

  • Telophase of meiosis II
  • Anaphase of meiosis I
  • Prophase of meiosis I (correct)
  • Metaphase of meiosis I

    • The presence of which cells characterizes the theca interna layer?

    <p>Cuboidal cells with secretory functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Hormone production and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure surrounds the oocyte in a Graafian follicle?

    <p>Corona radiata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the outer layer of a secondary follicle?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells and connective tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature differentiates late secondary follicles from early secondary follicles?

    <p>Presence of theca externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is referred to as the thickest layer of the uterine wall?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the endometrium is sloughed off during menstruation?

    <p>Stratum functionalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of secretion is produced during ovulation in the cervix?

    <p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

    <p>It secretes hormones until the placenta takes over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the stratum basale in the endometrium?

    <p>Regenerates the functionalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the oviduct is primarily responsible for propelling the ovum toward the uterus?

    <p>Mucosa with ciliated epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the portio vaginalis of the cervix?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the oviduct is the usual site of fertilization?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the uterus is the upper rounded portion lying above the oviduct connection?

    <p>Fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the tissue structure of the corpus albicans?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the corpus luteum of menstruation remain active?

    <p>14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the myometrium in terms of its composition?

    <p>Contains three layers of muscle, including a middle circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary secretion function of peg cells in the oviduct?

    <p>Providing nutrition for the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature is characteristic of the infundibulum in the oviduct?

    <p>A funnel-shaped structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the uterus?

    <p>Hosting fetal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the production of testosterone in the testes?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mammary glands?

    <p>Production and excretion of milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure of the sperm contains digestive enzymes necessary for fertilization?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological feature supports sperm development within the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural arrangement helps the tail of the sperm in motility?

    <p>9+2 axoneme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many seminiferous tubules can typically be found in each lobule of the testis?

    <p>1-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myoepithelial cells in the ducts of the mammary glands?

    <p>Facilitate milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are known as the stem cells in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>To support and nourish germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do chromosome pairs undergo crossing over?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do spermatids develop into during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone regulates testosterone secretion from Leydig cells?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Sertoli cells helps protect germ cells from the immune system?

    <p>Tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of testosterone in males?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes contain after the first meiotic division?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs directly after the formation of spermatids?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the efferent ducts in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Passageway from testis to epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm stored before ejaculation?

    <p>In the tail of the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for conducting sperm from the epididymal tail?

    <p>Ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes most to the seminal fluid in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of cervicitis?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a slow-developing type of cancer that can be detected by a PAP smear?

    <p>Cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by severe menstrual cramps?

    <p>Dysmenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is considered the second leading cause of cancer death among women?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Producing hormones and 2nd oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily involved in facilitating fertilization in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the ovary is composed of ovarian follicles and is crucial for its function?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mammary glands during pregnancy?

    <p>Producing milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of the medulla of the ovary?

    <p>Rich in blood vessels and lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peg cells in the oviduct?

    <p>Provide nutrition for the ovum and early embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the theca lutein cells?

    <p>Secrete both progesterone and estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the corpus luteum of menstruation after 14 days?

    <p>It degenerates to form the corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the corpus albicans?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the oviduct is characterized as the funnel-shaped and adjacent to the ovary?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the walls of the oviduct?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the muscularis layer in the oviduct?

    <p>Propulsion of the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical feature of the uterus?

    <p>It is a hollow pear-shaped organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucosal glands in the prostate?

    <p>Secretion of mucus into the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Benign prostatic hypertrophy is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure surrounds the urethra in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Corpus spongiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily composes the prostate gland?

    <p>Smooth muscle and glandular epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of male infertility?

    <p>Cervical mucus abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of prostatitis?

    <p>Painful urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principal role of the epididymis in the male reproductive system is to:

    <p>Store and mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prostate gland zone constitutes approximately 70% of its volume?

    <p>Main (peripheral) glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur between chromosome pairs?

    <p>Prophase of the first meiotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chromosome number of spermatids after the completion of meiosis?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for forming a protective barrier in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Sertoli cell tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process follows the second meiotic division in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secretion of testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Leydig cells play in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Synthesis of testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the specialized fluid produced by Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Nourishes germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the sperm is responsible for containing digestive enzymes necessary for fertilization?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Support and nourishment of developing sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does testosterone affect Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Enhances their support functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that involves the development of germ cells into mature sperm?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a sperm's head?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial cells line the ducts of the mammary glands?

    <p>Cuboidal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounding structure contributes to the motility of the sperm's tail?

    <p>Fibrous sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myoepithelial cells in mammary gland ducts?

    <p>Facilitating milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the efferent ducts in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transport sperm from the testis to the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm primarily stored before ejaculation?

    <p>In the tail of the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland contributes most to the seminal fluid in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the presence of abnormal cystic tissue in the breast?

    <p>Fibrocystic breast disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cancers can be detected through a PAP smear?

    <p>Cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure operates to conduct sperm from the epididymal tail?

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is often difficult to detect and tends to spread before being diagnosed?

    <p>Ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive System Overview

    • The reproductive system is a complex system with different components in both males and females, working together to support reproduction
    • The system involves various processes like formation of gametes, fertilization, implantation, and gestation.
    • Different organs, tissues, and cells each play a vital role within the system, exhibiting specific functions.
    • The structures within the system adapt to specific roles during processes, demonstrating unique arrangements within the tissue.

    The Female Reproductive System

    Ovaries

    • Produce oocytes and hormones.
    • The ovaries contain developing follicles, with distinct stages (primordial, primary, secondary, Graafian).
    • The follicle structure includes oocytes at various stages of development, germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, and medulla.
    • The tissue also includes blood vessels and lymphatics within the medulla, and rete ovarii (networks of irregular channels).

    Follicular Stages

    • Primordial follicles consist of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells (at a ~25 µm diameter).
    • Primary follicles are marked by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells, known as granulosa cells. The theca interna layer surrounds the granulosa cell layer in primary follicles, containing cortical granules and zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte.
    • Secondary follicles show a fluid-filled cavity (antrum) and cumulus oophorus, a thickened mass of granulosa cells.
    • Graafian (mature) follicles are substantial fluid-filled structures containing primary oocyte, zona pellucida, and corona radiata.
    • Ovulation leads to rupture of the follicle and release of the secondary oocyte.

    Corpus Luteum

    • Forms after ovulation and produces hormones that prepare the uterus for implantation.
    • The structure of the corpus luteum results from the transformation of the ruptured follicle which contains folded cells with a diameter of about ~30 µm and has theca lutein cells.
    • Degenerates into Corpus albicans, composed of fibrous connective tissue.

    Oviducts/Fallopian Tubes

    • Transmit ova from ovaries to the uterus.
    • The oviduct has four regions: (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine/intramural).
    • The tissue is lined with simple columnar epithelium with peg and ciliated cells.
    • The lamina propria is connective tissue.
    • The oviduct is crucial for sperm and egg encounter/fertilization, and development before implantation into the uterus.

    Uterus

    • Pear-shaped organ with a body, fundus, and cervix.
    • Composed of three layers: Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium (stratum basalis and stratum functionalis).
    • The function of the uterus is to receive the fertilized egg, allowing implantation and fetal development.

    Cervix

    • Terminal part of the uterus.
    • Contains thick uterine walls with elastic fibres and dense connective tissue.
    • Epithelium lined by stratified squamous epithelium except at the portio vaginalis, which contains mucus-secreting columnar epithelium.
    • The main functions are passing sperm through internal os, and the outer part of the cervix joins the vagina.

    Vagina

    • Muscular tube extending from cervix to external genitalia.
    • Mucosa includes stratified squamous epithelium with richly interwoven connective tissue; contains no glands.
    • Lamina propria has elastic bundles of smooth muscle fibres.
    • The adventitia supports the vagina, and contains part of the external surface.

    Mammary Glands

    • Produce and secrete milk.
    • Composed of 15-25 secretory lobes embedded in adipose tissue.
    • Tubular acinar glands form the structure of the mammary glands.
    • Ducts are lined with cuboidal epithelial cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Nipples contain ducts surrounded by smooth muscle cells, and lactiferous ducts and sinuses.

    The Male Reproductive System

    Testis

    • About 250 lobules containing seminiferous tubules.
    • Contain germ cells (develop into sperm), Sertoli cells (support and nourish), and interstitial tissue containing Leydig cells (produce testosterone).
    • Flattened fibroblasts form the boundary layer between the various tissues.

    Spermatogenesis

    • Process of sperm development from spermatogonia through meiotic divisions and spermiogenesis(differentiation).
    • Meiosis creates spermatids with half of the original DNA.

    Sperm Pathway

    • Includes the epididymis, ductus deferens, and associated structures and processes including secretions.
    • Seminal vesicles, prostate, and Bulbourethal glands contribute to semen.

    Semen

    • Contains sperm and seminal fluid.
    • Ejaculate comprises about 3.5 mL and contains approximately 100 million sperm per mL.

    Accessory Glands

    • Seminal vesicles produce fructose-rich fluid.
    • Prostate gland contributes to seminal fluid (citric acid, acid phosphatase, etc. and also contains fibrous and smooth muscle).

    Penis

    • Consists of erectile tissues (corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum) and urethra.
    • Erection involves blood flow into the erectile tissues.

    Male Reproductive System Diseases

    • Includes various forms of cancers (prostate, testicular, penile) and other conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, epididymitis, prostatitis, male infertility, etc.

    Fertility Issues

    • Many factors can affect fertility in both males and females including hormonal imbalances, lifestyle, chronic illnesses and injuries.
    • Male infertility can be due to low sperm count, reduced sperm motility, abnormal shape of the sperm, and/or blockages.
    • Female infertility can include problems with ovulation, issues with the fallopian tubes, and issues with the uterus structure or function.
    • Cancer treatments have implications for fertility.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    The Reproductive System Lecture PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structures and functions involved in human reproductive anatomy. This quiz covers primary follicles, corpus luteum, and the layers of the uterine wall. Challenge yourself to understand the intricate details of the female reproductive system.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser