Human Reproduction and Male System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of gametes produced by the male and female sex organs?

  • Spermatozoa, Ova
  • Spermatogonia, Ova
  • Sperm, ovum (correct)
  • The process by which sperm cells are formed is known as oogenesis.

    False (B)

    The male reproductive system lies inside the abdominal cavity.

    False (B)

    What is the primary role of the scrotum?

    <p>To maintain a low temperature of the testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for providing nutrition to the germ cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone secreted by the Leydig cells?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the male sex accessory ducts?

    <p>Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra, which carries urine, also serves as the passage for sperm.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis?

    <p>Foreskin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland, present in the male reproductive system, is responsible for the production of seminal plasma?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the primary female sex organs.

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ovaries are present in a human female?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two zones of the ovarian stroma?

    <p>Cortex and medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the female reproductive system located in the pelvic region?

    <p>Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fallopian tubes are attached to the uterus at the lower end.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the funnel-shaped structure present at the lower end of the fallopian tube?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the finger-like projections present at the edges of the infundibulum?

    <p>Fimbriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for the uterus?

    <p>Womb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opening between the uterus and vagina?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus is lined by a single layer of tissue called the myometrium.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the thin membranous outer layer of the uterus?

    <p>Perimetrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterus is responsible for strong contraction during birth?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening?

    <p>Hymen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the female reproductive system is considered a tiny finger-like protrusion above the urethral opening?

    <p>Clitoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence or absence of hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clusters of cells in the mammary glands called?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wider duct formed by the joining of several mammary ducts?

    <p>Mammary ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are both processes of reduction division.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the immature male germ cell present in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Spermatogonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in each spermatogonium?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cell that undergoes the first meiotic division during spermatogenesis?

    <p>Primary spermatocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the haploid cell formed after the second meiotic division in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa called?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the process of spermatogenesis?

    <p>FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the Leydig cells to secrete androgens?

    <p>LH (Luteinizing Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis begins at puberty due to the increase in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Spermatogenesis

    The process of gamete production in males, where immature sperm cells called spermatogonia mature into sperm.

    Sertoli Cells

    A type of cell within the seminiferous tubules that provide nourishment to the developing sperm cells.

    Androgens

    Hormones produced by the testes, mainly testosterone, that are crucial for the development and maintenance of male reproductive characteristics.

    Scrotum

    A pouch of skin located outside the abdomen where the testes are kept to maintain a cooler temperature than the rest of the body, facilitating the production of sperm.

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    Testes

    The primary male reproductive organ that produces sperm cells and testosterone.

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    Vasa Efferentia

    The ducts that carry sperm cells from the testes to the epididymis.

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    Epididymis

    The long coiled tube located on top of each testis, where sperm mature and are stored.

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    Vas Deferens

    A long tube that carries mature sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra for ejaculation.

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    Urethra

    The tube that carries both urine and sperm from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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    Penis

    The external male genitalia, composed of specialized tissue that helps in erection for insemination.

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    Glans Penis

    The enlarged tip of the penis, covered by a fold of skin called the foreskin.

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    Foreskin

    A fold of skin that covers the glans penis.

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    Seminal Vesicles

    Paired glands located near the bladder that secrete a fluid rich in fructose and calcium that contributes to seminal fluid.

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    Prostate Gland

    A single gland located below the bladder that secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm and contributes to semen.

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    Bulbourethral Glands

    Paired glands located near the urethra that secrete a clear, alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the urethra and lubricates the penis during sexual arousal.

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    Seminal Plasma

    The fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation, consisting of secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

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    Oogenesis

    The process of gamete (egg) production in females, where immature egg cells called oogonia develop into mature eggs.

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    Ovaries

    The primary female reproductive organs that produce eggs and sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

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    Cervix

    A narrow opening at the end of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina.

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    Uterus

    Muscular organ located in the pelvic region of the female body that houses a developing fetus during pregnancy.

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    Vagina

    The tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body and serves as the birth canal.

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    Vulva

    The female external genitalia, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and hymen.

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    Mons Pubis

    A fatty cushion of tissue covered by skin and pubic hair located above the vulva.

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    Labia Majora

    Outer fleshy folds of tissue that surround the vaginal opening.

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    Labia Minora

    Inner folds of tissue located beneath the labia majora.

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    Clitoris

    A small, sensitive structure located at the upper junction of the labia minora that is involved in sexual sensation.

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    Hymen

    A thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening and is often torn during first intercourse.

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    Study Notes

    Human Reproduction

    • Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous
    • Reproductive events include gametogenesis (sperm/ovum), insemination, fertilisation, zygote formation, blastocyst formation, implantation, embryonic development, and parturition
    • Puberty marks the start of these reproductive events
    • There are notable differences in reproductive events between males and females (e.g., sperm production continues throughout life, while ovum production ceases at around age 50)

    The Male Reproductive System

    • Located in the pelvis, comprising testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia
    • Testes are outside the abdominal cavity in a pouch called the scrotum
    • Scrotum regulates testis temperature (2-2.5°C lower than body temperature) for spermatogenesis
    • Each testis has about 250 compartments called testicular lobules, each containing seminiferous tubules
    • Sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules, involving germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells
    • Interstitial spaces contain Leydig cells, producing androgens (e.g., testosterone)
    • Male accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens; these transport sperm from testis to outside
    • Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands produce seminal fluid, combined with sperm during ejaculation
    • Urethra extends from urinary bladder to external opening (urethral meatus), through penis

    The Female Reproductive System

    • Located in the pelvis, encompassing ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia, and mammary glands.
    • Ovaries are the primary female sex organs, producing ova and ovarian hormones
    • Each ovary is connected to the uterus by ligaments, and covered by an epithelium enclosing ovarian stroma
    • The oviducts, also called fallopian tubes, have funnel-shaped infundibulum with fimbriae to collect ova; they lead to the uterus
    • The uterus, or womb, is a muscular organ with three layers (perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium) to support pregnancy and childbirth
    • Cervix connects the uterus to the vagina, which is the birth canal
    • External genitalia (mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, clitoris) are the visible parts of the female reproductive system

    Gametogenesis

    • Gametogenesis is the process of producing gametes (sperm and ovum).
    • In males, this process is called spermatogenesis, which begins at puberty and leads to the production of spermatozoa.
    • In females, this process is called oogenesis, which begins before birth and results in the production of ova.
    • Gametogenesis is a crucial aspect of sexual reproduction, as it involves the production of haploid gametes that will fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

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    Human Reproduction PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating processes of human reproduction, including gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development. Understand the intricacies of the male reproductive system, including the structure and function of the testes and sperm production. This quiz covers essential reproductive biology concepts to enhance your understanding.

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