Human Physiology Lecture 15+16: Somatic Nervous System and Motor Neurons

What is the main role of the somatic nervous system?

Inhibiting smooth muscle cells
Inhibiting skeletal muscle cells
Stimulating smooth muscle cells
Stimulating skeletal muscle cells (correct)

What effect does the axon terminal of a motor neuron have at the neuromuscular junction?

Release of ACh with inhibitory effect
Release of glutamate with stimulatory effect
Release of ACh with stimulatory effect (correct)
No release of neurotransmitters

Which virus destroys motor neurons?

Influenza virus
Rhinovirus
Poliovirus (correct)
Coronavirus

How many taste buds are present in the mechanism of taste (gustation)?

10,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the sensation of taste?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chemoreceptors in influencing the flow of digestive juices and appetite?

Quality control mechanism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for generating new cells in the olfactory system every 1-2 months?

Basal stem cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary olfactory cortex also known as?

Limbic system (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the process of accommodation, what regulates the shape of the lens?

Ciliary muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in pitch discrimination for hearing?

Fluid movement in the cochlea (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are responsible for chemical sensations related to smell or olfaction?

Chemoreceptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the activation of hair cells in the utricle and saccule contribute to?

Body balance (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do we differentiate 10,000 different odors when there are only about 380 olfactory receptor proteins?

Binding affinity with different patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

"Autonomic nervous system" regulates the accommodation process for which sense?

$20 to $20,000 cycles/second hearing (D) Signup and view all the answers

"Middle ear and cochlea" are primarily associated with which sense?

$20 to $20,000 cycles/second hearing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic components of the circulatory system?

The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pressure-operated valves in the heart?

To control the flow of blood in one direction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the pace maker activity in the heart?

Autorhythmic cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of HCN channels in the heart's electrical activity?

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated channels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is primarily made up of muscle fibers?

Myocardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the systemic loop in the circulatory system?

To deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart contains autorhythmic cells?

SA node (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the blood vessels in the circulatory system?

To transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during atrial excitation in the heart?

Simultaneous contraction of atria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of internodal pathways in the heart?

To transfer electrical impulses from atria to ventricles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the HCN channels in the heart's electrical activity?

Initiating the pacemaker potential in autorhythmic cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pressure-operated valves in the heart?

Maintaining unidirectional flow of blood within the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the internodal pathway in the heart's electrical conduction system?

Delaying the transmission of action potential from atria to ventricles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the circulatory system contains autorhythmic cells with pace maker activity?

The Heart - Pumping Organ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the myocardium in the heart?

Making up a major part of the heart and contracting to pump blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the systemic loop in the circulatory system?

Transporting oxygen-poor blood from the body to the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gap junctions in the electrical activity of the heart?

Allowing conduction between atria and ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of autorhythmic cells in the heart?

Initiating pace maker activity with no resting potential (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what direction does blood flow through the heart?

Unidirectional both in systole and diastole (B) Signup and view all the answers