24 Questions
What percentage of an adult's weight consists of fluid?
60%
Which of the following is an example of interstitial fluid?
Lymph
What is the term for the loss of fluid from the body that disrupts the equilibrium between the interstitial and intravascular spaces?
Third-space fluid shift
What is the primary function of the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid and electrolyte balance?
To maintain a constant internal equilibrium
What is the approximate volume of plasma in an average adult?
3 L
Which of the following is a factor that influences the amount of body fluid?
All of the above
What is the term for the compartment of extracellular fluid that contains fluid within the blood vessels?
Intravascular space
Which of the following conditions can cause a third-space fluid shift?
All of the above
What is the average daily urine output for a healthy adult?
1 to 2 L
What is the normal rate of water vapor elimination through the lungs in a healthy adult?
300 mL/day
What is the usual daily fluid loss through the gastrointestinal tract?
100 to 200 mL
Which organ's thirst center controls the oral intake of fluids?
Hypothalamus
Through which method does the skin lose approximately 600 mL of water daily?
Insensible water loss
Which mechanism specifically increases water loss through the skin?
Fever and major burns
Which body system contributes to maintaining the composition and volume of body fluid within narrow limits of normal?
Homeostatic mechanisms
What is a consequence of long-term hyperpnea?
Increased water vapor elimination
What condition occurs when the loss of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume exceeds the intake of fluid?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following is NOT a cause of fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
High fluid intake
Which hormone is released by the heart to help regulate water and electrolyte balance?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the main function of the lungs in maintaining homeostasis?
Maintaining acid-base balance
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
Orthostatic hypotension
What happens when fluid moves from the vascular system to other body spaces?
Formation of edema
Which physiological process allows the kidneys to form urine?
Pumping action of the heart
Which depends on sufficient renal perfusion to regulate water and electrolytes?
Renal function
Learn about the ways the human body gains and loses fluids, including the role of kidneys and lungs in regulating fluid balance. Understand the daily intake and output of water and electrolytes in healthy individuals.
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