27 Questions
What is the primary difference between intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid?
Their locations in the body
What is the primary function of the body's fluid distribution system?
To enable the transport of nutrients and waste products
What is the term for the movement of fluid through a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Osmosis
What is the estimated percentage of total body water in elderly patients?
45-40%
What is the purpose of the permeable membrane that separates intracellular and extracellular fluid?
To regulate fluid movement and maintain osmotic balance
What is the primary factor that determines the weight of hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels?
The pressure exerted by the pump
What is the normal range of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in mmHg?
60-120 mmHg
Which of the following would be characterized by low Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and low Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)?
Decompensated Shock
What is the term for the pressure exerted by a fluid because of its weight?
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the primary factor that determines the cardiac output (CO)?
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of a condition that would increase hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels?
Early stages of Shock
What is the primary function of tonicity in relation to a semipermeable membrane?
To maintain the minimum pressure needed to prevent inward flow
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely increase the space for exchange across a semipermeable membrane?
Sepsis
What is the primary cause of decreased plasma oncotic pressure in a patient with liver disease?
Reduced plasma proteins
A patient presents with localized edema in the lower extremities, which is pitting and measurable. What type of edema is this most likely to be?
Pressure-dependent edema
What is the primary consequence of increased edema in a compartment, leading to compartment syndrome?
Decrease in blood flow distal to the injury
What is the primary reason why localized edema in the brain can be deadly?
It has no space to move the fluids
What is the approximate amount of insensible fluid loss in 24 hours?
1,600 mL
What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion?
To move solutes from lower to higher concentration
What is the term for the movement of water from a higher solute concentration to a lower solute concentration?
Osmosis
What is the approximate osmolality of serum in the body?
280-295 mOsm/L
What is the term for the movement of solutes from a lower concentration to a higher concentration?
Active transport
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To move solutes from lower to higher concentration
What is the term for the movement of gases from a higher concentration to a lower concentration?
Diffusion
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
To move glucose into the cell
What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the capillary bed?
17mmHg
What is the term for a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell?
Hypertonic
Test your knowledge on the distribution of fluids in the human body, including intracellular and extracellular fluids, and their osmolarity. Learn about the different types of fluids, including intravascular and interstitial fluids, and their roles in maintaining bodily functions.
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