Fluid Distribution and Osmolarity in the Human Body
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid?

  • Their locations in the body (correct)
  • Their osmotic pressure and electrolyte balance
  • Their composition and nutrient content
  • Their functions in the body
  • What is the primary function of the body's fluid distribution system?

  • To store energy for later use
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To maintain a stable osmolality
  • To enable the transport of nutrients and waste products (correct)
  • What is the term for the movement of fluid through a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

  • Active transport
  • Passive transport
  • Osmosis (correct)
  • Diffusion
  • What is the estimated percentage of total body water in elderly patients?

    <p>45-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the permeable membrane that separates intracellular and extracellular fluid?

    <p>To regulate fluid movement and maintain osmotic balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the weight of hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels?

    <p>The pressure exerted by the pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in mmHg?

    <p>60-120 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be characterized by low Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and low Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)?

    <p>Decompensated Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pressure exerted by a fluid because of its weight?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a condition that would increase hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels?

    <p>Early stages of Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tonicity in relation to a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>To maintain the minimum pressure needed to prevent inward flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would MOST likely increase the space for exchange across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of decreased plasma oncotic pressure in a patient with liver disease?

    <p>Reduced plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with localized edema in the lower extremities, which is pitting and measurable. What type of edema is this most likely to be?

    <p>Pressure-dependent edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of increased edema in a compartment, leading to compartment syndrome?

    <p>Decrease in blood flow distal to the injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why localized edema in the brain can be deadly?

    <p>It has no space to move the fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of insensible fluid loss in 24 hours?

    <p>1,600 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>To move solutes from lower to higher concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water from a higher solute concentration to a lower solute concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate osmolality of serum in the body?

    <p>280-295 mOsm/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of solutes from a lower concentration to a higher concentration?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

    <p>To move solutes from lower to higher concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of gases from a higher concentration to a lower concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

    <p>To move glucose into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the capillary bed?

    <p>17mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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