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Questions and Answers
What factor can affect the reliability of bioelectrical impedance measurements?
What factor can affect the reliability of bioelectrical impedance measurements?
- Age of the individual
- Previous physical activity
- Body hydration status (correct)
- Time of day it is measured
What is the primary physical characteristic that increases electrical resistance in the body as measured by bioelectrical impedance?
What is the primary physical characteristic that increases electrical resistance in the body as measured by bioelectrical impedance?
- Adipose tissue (correct)
- Fluid balance
- Bone density
- Muscle mass
What is a notable problem with skinfold thickness measurements?
What is a notable problem with skinfold thickness measurements?
- It requires expensive equipment.
- It may underestimate total body fat in overfat individuals. (correct)
- It can be performed by anyone without training.
- It is a highly time-consuming method.
What is the error margin associated with bioelectrical impedance measurements?
What is the error margin associated with bioelectrical impedance measurements?
What is a characteristic of bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to skinfold thickness measurements?
What is a characteristic of bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to skinfold thickness measurements?
What is the rule of thumb calorie estimation for basal metabolism for women?
What is the rule of thumb calorie estimation for basal metabolism for women?
Which factor does NOT influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which factor does NOT influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
What does the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) primarily refer to?
What does the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) primarily refer to?
How can physical activity affect caloric expenditure?
How can physical activity affect caloric expenditure?
Which hormone is known to increase eating behavior?
Which hormone is known to increase eating behavior?
Which term refers to involuntary skeletal muscle movements contributing to energy expenditure?
Which term refers to involuntary skeletal muscle movements contributing to energy expenditure?
To estimate daily energy needs, what components must be summed?
To estimate daily energy needs, what components must be summed?
What is the body fat percentage classification for females considered obese?
What is the body fat percentage classification for females considered obese?
What does PAL stand for in the context of estimating energy needs?
What does PAL stand for in the context of estimating energy needs?
What range of body fat percentage is considered healthy for males?
What range of body fat percentage is considered healthy for males?
Which macronutrient serves primarily as an energy source alongside glucose?
Which macronutrient serves primarily as an energy source alongside glucose?
What percentage of energy in macronutrients is typically captured in ATP molecules?
What percentage of energy in macronutrients is typically captured in ATP molecules?
Which of the following contributes to energy expenditure?
Which of the following contributes to energy expenditure?
What characterizes catabolic reactions?
What characterizes catabolic reactions?
What is the primary function of resting metabolism?
What is the primary function of resting metabolism?
Which classification of body fat percentage is considered overweight for males?
Which classification of body fat percentage is considered overweight for males?
What is one primary effect of bariatric surgery on obesity?
What is one primary effect of bariatric surgery on obesity?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with fad weight loss diets?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with fad weight loss diets?
What should be questioned about weight loss supplements?
What should be questioned about weight loss supplements?
Which of the following is a potential factor contributing to underweight?
Which of the following is a potential factor contributing to underweight?
Which claim about weight loss supplements should be viewed with skepticism?
Which claim about weight loss supplements should be viewed with skepticism?
What is an effective way to gain weight for those who are underweight?
What is an effective way to gain weight for those who are underweight?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for eating disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for eating disorders?
Which element is typically associated with the promotion of fad diets?
Which element is typically associated with the promotion of fad diets?
What weight status is indicated by a BMI of 22.0?
What weight status is indicated by a BMI of 22.0?
What equation represents how Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated using weight in pounds and height in inches?
What equation represents how Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated using weight in pounds and height in inches?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the basal metabolic rate?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the basal metabolic rate?
What is the primary purpose of measuring waist circumference?
What is the primary purpose of measuring waist circumference?
Which of these weight loss elements is crucial for effective weight management?
Which of these weight loss elements is crucial for effective weight management?
Which group of BMI values is classified as overweight?
Which group of BMI values is classified as overweight?
What distinguishes having an eating disorder from practicing disordered eating?
What distinguishes having an eating disorder from practicing disordered eating?
What is included in the fat-free mass component of body composition?
What is included in the fat-free mass component of body composition?
Which method of measuring body fat is considered the least reliable?
Which method of measuring body fat is considered the least reliable?
Which type of fat is more prevalent in men than women?
Which type of fat is more prevalent in men than women?
What is one of the main drawbacks of underwater weighing?
What is one of the main drawbacks of underwater weighing?
Which method uses low-energy x-rays to provide a detailed internal scan of the body?
Which method uses low-energy x-rays to provide a detailed internal scan of the body?
How does air displacement measuring assess body volume?
How does air displacement measuring assess body volume?
What is a significant limitation of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)?
What is a significant limitation of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)?
Which method of measuring body composition is considered very accurate but is often impractical to use?
Which method of measuring body composition is considered very accurate but is often impractical to use?
What role does subcutaneous fat play in the body?
What role does subcutaneous fat play in the body?
What body fat percentage range is classified as overweight for females?
What body fat percentage range is classified as overweight for females?
Which statement correctly describes basal metabolism?
Which statement correctly describes basal metabolism?
What is the main source of energy for the body along with glucose?
What is the main source of energy for the body along with glucose?
What classification of body fat percentage is considered obese for males?
What classification of body fat percentage is considered obese for males?
Which group of body fat percentage composition requires more body fat due to reproductive functions?
Which group of body fat percentage composition requires more body fat due to reproductive functions?
Which component is NOT part of energy expenditure?
Which component is NOT part of energy expenditure?
What is a significant feature of catabolic reactions?
What is a significant feature of catabolic reactions?
What percentage of energy in macronutrients is typically captured as ATP?
What percentage of energy in macronutrients is typically captured as ATP?
What is the primary function of the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
What is the primary function of the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing hunger and inhibiting fat storage in the body?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing hunger and inhibiting fat storage in the body?
What does NEAT stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
What does NEAT stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
Which of the following correctly calculates daily energy needs?
Which of the following correctly calculates daily energy needs?
Which factor affects caloric expenditure during physical activity?
Which factor affects caloric expenditure during physical activity?
What role does ghrelin play in the regulation of hunger?
What role does ghrelin play in the regulation of hunger?
What contributes to energy expenditure when a person is at rest?
What contributes to energy expenditure when a person is at rest?
Which characteristic is most common in fad weight loss diets?
Which characteristic is most common in fad weight loss diets?
Which statement accurately reflects the evaluation of weight loss supplements?
Which statement accurately reflects the evaluation of weight loss supplements?
What should individuals do to effectively gain weight if underweight?
What should individuals do to effectively gain weight if underweight?
What distinguishes fad diets from sustainable weight loss approaches?
What distinguishes fad diets from sustainable weight loss approaches?
Which factor contributes to underweight conditions?
Which factor contributes to underweight conditions?
What is a primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating binge eating disorder (BED)?
What is a primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating binge eating disorder (BED)?
Which professional is essential for assessing and treating eating disorders?
Which professional is essential for assessing and treating eating disorders?
What distinguishes eating disorders from disordered eating?
What distinguishes eating disorders from disordered eating?
In which treatment setting is care for eating disorders most often provided?
In which treatment setting is care for eating disorders most often provided?
Which BMI value indicates a person is considered normal or healthy weight?
Which BMI value indicates a person is considered normal or healthy weight?
Which factor is least likely to influence the development of excess body fat?
Which factor is least likely to influence the development of excess body fat?
What might be included in a comprehensive treatment plan for someone with an eating disorder?
What might be included in a comprehensive treatment plan for someone with an eating disorder?
What is a primary method used to assess obesity-related risk?
What is a primary method used to assess obesity-related risk?
Which of the following is a common misconception about disordered eating practices?
Which of the following is a common misconception about disordered eating practices?
Which factors can influence the development of excess body fat?
Which factors can influence the development of excess body fat?
What role do environmental factors play in body fat development?
What role do environmental factors play in body fat development?
What is the primary component used in calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?
What is the primary component used in calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?
What BMI classification corresponds to a value of 27.5?
What BMI classification corresponds to a value of 27.5?
Which is NOT a key element important for weight loss and maintenance?
Which is NOT a key element important for weight loss and maintenance?
How can waist circumference be characterized in relation to health?
How can waist circumference be characterized in relation to health?
At what BMI value does a person begin to be classified as obese?
At what BMI value does a person begin to be classified as obese?
What is a primary role of subcutaneous fat in the body?
What is a primary role of subcutaneous fat in the body?
Which body composition measurement method is known for providing a detailed internal structure image?
Which body composition measurement method is known for providing a detailed internal structure image?
What is a limitation associated with underwater weighing?
What is a limitation associated with underwater weighing?
Which measurement method requires a person to sit inside a specific chamber to assess body volume?
Which measurement method requires a person to sit inside a specific chamber to assess body volume?
In which types of fat do women tend to have more than men?
In which types of fat do women tend to have more than men?
What is a main problem associated with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as a body composition measurement?
What is a main problem associated with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as a body composition measurement?
Which of the following accurately describes adipose tissue?
Which of the following accurately describes adipose tissue?
What characterizes the air displacement method of body composition measurement?
What characterizes the air displacement method of body composition measurement?
Flashcards
Bioelectrical Impedance
Bioelectrical Impedance
Measures electrical current flow through the body to estimate body composition, especially body fat.
Accuracy of home-use devices for impedance
Accuracy of home-use devices for impedance
Scientific data on the accuracy of devices used at home to measure body composition using bioelectrical impedance is limited, and might not be reliable
Body hydration effect on impedance
Body hydration effect on impedance
Bioelectrical impedance is reliable only if hydration is normal.
Skinfold Thickness Measurement
Skinfold Thickness Measurement
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Accuracy of Skinfold Measures
Accuracy of Skinfold Measures
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
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How to calculate BMI
How to calculate BMI
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BMI Categories
BMI Categories
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Waist Circumference
Waist Circumference
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Obesity Risk
Obesity Risk
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Calculating BMI
Calculating BMI
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Underweight
Underweight
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Normal weight
Normal weight
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Body Composition
Body Composition
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Fat-free mass
Fat-free mass
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Total body fat
Total body fat
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Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue
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Underwater Weighing
Underwater Weighing
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DXA
DXA
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Air Displacement
Air Displacement
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Body Composition Measurement Methods
Body Composition Measurement Methods
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Adult Body Fat Classifications
Adult Body Fat Classifications
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Healthy Body Fat Percentage
Healthy Body Fat Percentage
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Obese Body Fat Percentage
Obese Body Fat Percentage
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Biological Fuels
Biological Fuels
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Energy Expenditure
Energy Expenditure
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Basal Metabolism
Basal Metabolism
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Energy Intake
Energy Intake
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Influencing Factors (BMR)
Influencing Factors (BMR)
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Physical Activity (PA)
Physical Activity (PA)
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Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
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Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
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Daily Energy Needs
Daily Energy Needs
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Energy Balance
Energy Balance
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Obesity Contributing Factors
Obesity Contributing Factors
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Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric Surgery
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Weight-Loss Medications
Weight-Loss Medications
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Fad Diets
Fad Diets
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Weight-Loss Supplement Claims
Weight-Loss Supplement Claims
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Underweight: Causes
Underweight: Causes
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Gaining Weight: Strategy
Gaining Weight: Strategy
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Eating Disorders: Risk Factors
Eating Disorders: Risk Factors
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Teasing and Weight
Teasing and Weight
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Overweight vs. Obese
Overweight vs. Obese
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Weight Gain: Safe Strategy
Weight Gain: Safe Strategy
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Factors Influencing Basal Metabolism
Factors Influencing Basal Metabolism
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Reliable Weight Loss Plans
Reliable Weight Loss Plans
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Energy Balance and Weight Control
Energy Balance and Weight Control
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Essential Fat
Essential Fat
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Subcutaneous Fat
Subcutaneous Fat
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Visceral Fat
Visceral Fat
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DXA Scan
DXA Scan
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Body Fat Percentage
Body Fat Percentage
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Healthy Body Fat Ranges
Healthy Body Fat Ranges
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What factors influence BMR?
What factors influence BMR?
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What are the hormones that regulate hunger?
What are the hormones that regulate hunger?
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What is an eating disorder?
What is an eating disorder?
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What are the key features of treatment for eating disorders?
What are the key features of treatment for eating disorders?
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What is disordered eating?
What is disordered eating?
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What are some factors influencing excess body fat?
What are some factors influencing excess body fat?
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What is the importance of a safe and reliable weight loss plan?
What is the importance of a safe and reliable weight loss plan?
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What is the relationship between energy intake and energy output?
What is the relationship between energy intake and energy output?
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What are the key elements of energy expenditure?
What are the key elements of energy expenditure?
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What is the difference between fat-free mass and total body fat?
What is the difference between fat-free mass and total body fat?
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Study Notes
Energy Balance and Weight Control
- Energy balance is the relationship between energy intake and expenditure.
- Weight control involves understanding factors that influence energy intake and expenditure.
- Body composition is a key factor in weight control.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value that reflects body weight adjusted for height.
- Calculated as weight (kg)/height (m²) or weight (lbs)/[height (in)]² x 703
- Different BMI values correspond to different weight statuses (e.g., Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese).
- Waist circumference is a quick and easy way to determine obesity-related risk.
- Desirable waist circumferences are < 40 inches (101.6 cm) for men and < 35 inches (88.9 cm) for women.
- Excess body fat is associated with increased risks for various health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoarthritis, and certain cancers.
- Excess body fat, especially central-body obesity (excess abdominal fat), is more strongly correlated with obesity-related health problems than the percentage of total body fat.
- Adipose tissue includes subcutaneous fat (under the skin) and visceral fat (around the organs).
- Several methods measure body composition, each with pros and cons.
- Underwater weighing, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement, bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold thickness.
Body Composition
- Body composition consists of fat-free mass and total body fat.
- Fat-free mass includes body water, mineral-rich tissues, and protein-rich tissues.
- Total body fat comprises adipose tissue and essential fat in cell membranes, bones, and nervous tissue.
- Adipose tissue stores energy in fat droplets.
- Subcutaneous fat helps insulate and protect muscles and bones.
- Visceral fat is located around the organs and is more prevalent in men.
How Body Composition is Measured
- Different methods exist to appraise body composition, each with its own benefits and limitations.
- Underwater weighing, DXA, air displacement, bioelectrical impedance, skinfold thickness.
Energy Balance Factors
- Energy intake involves the consumption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Energy expenditure encompasses basal metabolism, physical activity (includes NEAT: Non-exercise activity thermogenesis) and thermic effect of food.
- Basal metabolism is the minimum number of calories expended for vital functions when resting.
- Physical activity greatly contributes to energy expenditure.
- The Thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the energy needed for digesting, absorbing, and processing nutrients from food.
Estimating Energy Requirements
- Equations like Harris-Benedict and Cunningham estimations are used to project resting metabolic rate (RMR), then estimating daily energy expenditure based on physical activity levels.
Weight-Loss Plans, National Registry, Medical Treatments
- There are various resources available to help with weight control.
- The National Weight Control Registry helps to understand successful weight-loss tactics.
- Dietary plans that comprise low calories and fat consumption may be part of such endeavors.
- Weight loss must balance daily energy intake with expenditure.
- Regular exercise and physical activity are key components of weight loss and maintenance.
- Medical treatments such as bariatric surgery and medications are used in some cases.
- Fad diets often offer "quick fixes," with limited lasting effects and not always safe.
Obesity: Contributing Factors
- Hormones like ghrelin (stimulates hunger) and leptin (inhibits hunger) influence eating behaviors.
- Hormonal fluctuations in both men and women significantly impact energy intake.
- Factors include food composition, genetic makeup, and environmental factors (e.g., food advertising, portion sizes, reduced physical activity).
Underweight
- Genetic factors, lifestyle practices, and chronic diseases are potential risk factors for underweight.
- Adding calorie-dense healthy foods can assist in gaining weight.
Eating Disorders
- Risk factors for eating disorders include genetics, psychological factors, occupation, and lifestyle choices, including concerns about weight and gender.
- Eating disorders require multidisciplinary care involving medical/mental health professionals to address critical nutritional needs in conjunction with psychotherapy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bioelectrical impedance measurements, basal metabolic rate, and factors influencing caloric expenditure. This quiz covers important concepts related to body composition assessment and daily energy needs, providing insights into human physiology. Perfect for students in health and fitness disciplines.
