Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cellular process is most directly disrupted by the action of HPV viral proteins E6 and E7 in the development of cervical carcinoma?
Which cellular process is most directly disrupted by the action of HPV viral proteins E6 and E7 in the development of cervical carcinoma?
- DNA repair mechanisms by direct mutation of repair enzymes
- Telomere shortening leading to premature cellular senescence
- Apoptosis through the inactivation of caspase enzymes
- The regulation of the cell cycle by inhibiting tumor suppressor proteins (correct)
What is the most significant limitation of relying solely on Pap smear histology for HPV diagnosis?
What is the most significant limitation of relying solely on Pap smear histology for HPV diagnosis?
- Pap smear cannot differentiate between HPV types. (correct)
- Pap smear requires specialized equipment.
- Pap smear is ineffective in immunocompromised patients.
- Pap smear results take several weeks.
In the context of HPV infection, what is the primary rationale for the removal of warts despite their tendency for spontaneous regression?
In the context of HPV infection, what is the primary rationale for the removal of warts despite their tendency for spontaneous regression?
- To alleviate symptoms, prevent spread, and address cosmetic concerns. (correct)
- To accelerate the development of adaptive immunity.
- To prevent malignant transformation of benign warts.
- To reduce the viral load and minimize systemic infection.
Why are immunocompromised individuals at a higher risk for developing extensive warts and cervical carcinoma when infected with HPV?
Why are immunocompromised individuals at a higher risk for developing extensive warts and cervical carcinoma when infected with HPV?
How do the mechanisms of action of imiquimod and cidofovir differ in treating HPV infections?
How do the mechanisms of action of imiquimod and cidofovir differ in treating HPV infections?
What distinguishes the carcinogenic potential of HPV-16 and HPV-18 from that of HPV-6 and HPV-11?
What distinguishes the carcinogenic potential of HPV-16 and HPV-18 from that of HPV-6 and HPV-11?
Why is asymptomatic shedding of HPV a significant factor in the transmission dynamics of the virus?
Why is asymptomatic shedding of HPV a significant factor in the transmission dynamics of the virus?
What is the significance of detecting koilocytes in a Pap smear for diagnosing Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection?
What is the significance of detecting koilocytes in a Pap smear for diagnosing Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection?
What is the most likely rationale for using a combination of cryotherapy and topical imiquimod in the treatment of genital warts?
What is the most likely rationale for using a combination of cryotherapy and topical imiquimod in the treatment of genital warts?
What is the long-term implication of HPV-induced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) if left untreated?
What is the long-term implication of HPV-induced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) if left untreated?
Flashcards
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
A double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus transmitted through direct contact, often sexually.
Koliocytes
Koliocytes
Abnormal squamous epithelial cells with a clear halo around the nucleus, indicative of HPV infection.
HPV E6 and E7 Proteins
HPV E6 and E7 Proteins
Viral proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb), increasing cancer risk.
HPV Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)
HPV Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)
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Cryotherapy for Warts
Cryotherapy for Warts
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Imiquimod (Aldara)
Imiquimod (Aldara)
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HPV-16 and HPV-18
HPV-16 and HPV-18
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Diagnosis via Pap Smear
Diagnosis via Pap Smear
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Laryngeal Papillomas
Laryngeal Papillomas
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Study Notes
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a double-stranded, non-enveloped, circular DNA virus.
- Direct sexual contact spreads HPV.
- Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) can spread the virus through direct sexual contact.
- Nonsexual plantar warts can spread HPV.
- Contaminated surfaces can also spread HPV.
- Passage through the birth canal can spread HPV, especially to the infant's mouth and respiratory tract.
- This can cause warts in the infant's larynx, known as Laryngeal papillomas.
- Asymptomatic shedding can also promote transmission.
- Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk.
- They may develop extensive warts and carcinoma of the cervix due to dysplasia and neoplasia.
- HPV infects squamous epithelial cells, leading to abnormal epithelial cell development called koliocytes.
- Viral proteins E6 and E7 inhibit tumor suppressor genes p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb).
- HPV-16 and HPV-17's E6 and E7 proteins bind more strongly to p53 and Rb, increasing the risk of carcinoma.
- Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies help control the spread of warts.
- HPV-16 and HPV-17 cause cervical carcinoma through intraepithelial neoplasia.
- HPV causes mostly benign plantar and genital warts (common, flat, or dome-shaped).
- Anal and penile warts can progress to cancer.
- HPV-6 and HPV-11 cause 96% of anal and penile warts.
- The incubation period for HPV is 3 - 4 months.
- 40 - 70% of mild dysplasia cases spontaneously regress.
- HPV can cause mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I) to moderate (CIN II).
- These conditions can occur over 1 - 4 years.
- Pap smear histology is used for diagnosis.
- Koliocytic squamous epithelial cells in Papanicolaou stained smears are indicative of HPV.
- HPV cells do not grow in cell culture.
- HPV antibodies are rarely used for diagnosis.
- DNA molecular probe, PCR, and RT-PCR can diagnose the virus.
- Treatment involves addressing the warts due to pain, discomfort, cosmetic reasons, and prevention of spread.
- Surgical cryotherapy, electrocautery, chemical removal (10 - 25% solution of podophyllin), and surgery for laryngeal papilloma an be used as treatment.
- Recurrence of warts is common.
- Medications that stimulate the innate and inflammatory response can be given.
- Imiquimod (Aldara) and interferon promote healing.
- Topical or intralesional delivery of cidofovir can kill HPV-infected cells.
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