Human Nutrition and Balanced Diets

True (A)

CnH2nOn

<p>hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prioritizes consumption of saturated fats and sugary drinks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophic and Heterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits and vegetables = At least 5 portions daily Starchy foods = Base meals on these, high in fiber Dairy or alternatives = Include in your diet Protein sources = Beans, pulses, fish, meat, and eggs Fats and spreads = Choose unsaturated options and consume in small amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oesophagus = Churning and mixing food with gastric juices Stomach = Absorption of most nutrients Small intestine = Transporting food from the mouth to the stomach Large intestine = Absorption of water and formation of feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides the correct pH for enzyme activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes have a specific shape that fits the shape of the substrate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>37-40 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acid/alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomach enzymes = Acid (pH 2-3) Duodenum enzymes = Alkaline (11-13) Salivary amylase = Neutral (7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their structure changes and they become denatured. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile emulsifies fat, breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two examples of environmental factors include family or relationship problems and being bullied because of weight or appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin = Increases blood glucose levels by converting glycogen into glucose Glucagon = Decreases blood glucose levels by converting glucose into glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That they are about wanting to be thin or are a choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anorexia Nervosa = Higher levels of serotonin Bulimia Nervosa = Higher levels of cortisol Both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa = Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating disorders are influenced by a combination of factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating disorders can create a vicious cycle of increased anxiety, stress, and other health complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serious mental illnesses characterized by unhealthy eating habits.

An eating disorder marked by extreme weight loss and starvation.

An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging.

Hereditary influences that may predispose individuals to eating disorders.

Abnormal chemical levels affecting mood, appetite, and stress in individuals.

Mental health issues, like anxiety or depression, linked to eating disorders.

Unhealthy eating behaviors used to manage emotions.

Common misunderstandings about the causes of eating disorders.

Tooth decay occurs when acids from bacteria damage enamel and cause pain, infection, or tooth loss.

A soft, sticky film formed by bacteria that can lead to tooth decay and gum disease.

Hardened plaque that can irritate gums and worsen oral issues.

Involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract, including the oesophagus.

The thick semi-fluid mass of partly digested food mixed with gastric juices in the stomach.

Divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, each having distinct roles in digestion and absorption.

Tiny hair-like structures in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Also known as the colon, it absorbs water and forms waste for excretion.

A feeling of having low confidence and worth.

A sense that your situation will not improve.

The pursuit of flawlessness in oneself.

Societal pressures that promote unrealistic body standards.

Norms dictating what is considered beautiful, often featuring thinness.

External influences like family dynamics and childhood experiences that affect eating habits.

A hormone that lowers blood glucose by converting it to glycogen.

A stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles.

Adverse reactions to specific foods, e.g., nuts, gluten.

A reaction where water splits molecules apart.

A reaction that produces water while forming larger molecules.

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen; may include oxygen and nitrogen.

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; formula CnH2nOn.

The simplest form of carbohydrates; single sugar units, e.g., glucose.

Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides, e.g., sucrose.

Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides, e.g., starch.

An organism that produces its own food from sunlight or inorganic substances.

An organism that cannot produce its own food and consumes others for energy.

A diet containing the right proportions of nutrients for good health.

The recommendation to eat at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables daily.

Foods like potatoes, bread, and pasta that support digestive health.

Nutrients found in beans, pulses, fish, eggs, and meats.

Healthier fat sources recommended for use in small amounts.

The recommendation to drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of fluids daily.

Enzymes have a specific shape that fits substrates, facilitating reactions.

Human enzymes work best at temperatures between 37-40 °C.

High temperatures change enzyme shape, causing loss of function.

Enzymes function at specific pH levels, e.g., stomach enzymes prefer pH 2-3.

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase action in digestion.

Lack of a balanced diet leading to nutritional deficiency diseases.

Nutritional deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin D, leading to weak bones.

A disease caused by lack of Vitamin C, leading to weak connective tissues.