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Questions and Answers
What happens to the opposing muscle when one muscle contracts?
Which muscle type is under voluntary control and attached to bones?
What type of muscle is under involuntary control?
Which muscle is located at the abdomen region?
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Which muscle type is known as striated or skeletal muscle?
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Which body part is the sternocleidomastoid muscle located in?
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What is a key reason why an EMR should have a basic understanding of anatomy and physiology?
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Why is it recommended to plan 90 minutes for the chapter, as per the text?
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What teaching method is suggested to enhance the understanding of anatomy and physiology beyond lecture time?
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Which type of material does the text suggest using to enhance the lesson on anatomy and physiology?
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Why does the text suggest using 'war stories' in teaching anatomy and physiology?
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What is emphasized as the first step toward understanding how the body works overall?
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What is the bone that makes up the wrist?
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Which bones make up the buttock region?
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What is the bone on the lateral side of the lower arm?
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Which bone extends from the shoulder girdle to the elbow?
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What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
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What is the joint formed by the distal ends of the radius and ulna?
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Which nervous system is known for producing reflex responses?
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Which bones make up the pelvic bones?
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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
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Which layer of the skin is the outermost?
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What is the role of hair in the integumentary system?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system excites the body?
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What is the main function of the accessory organs of digestion?
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Which part of the digestive system is described as a 'dome-shaped, nearly triangular-like lobes'?
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What is the function of the elongated tapered structure behind the stomach in the digestive system?
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What is the main role of the duodenum in the digestive system?
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Which structure in the digestive system is described as 'highly coiled' resembling small intestines?
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What is the primary purpose of peristalsis in the digestive system?
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
- The peripheral nervous system consists of all nerves that transmit messages to and from the central nervous system
- The somatic nervous system is a voluntary nervous system responsible for all voluntary movement
- The autonomic nervous system is an involuntary nervous system responsible for all involuntary actions of the body, with two divisions: sympathetic nervous system (excites the body) and parasympathetic nervous system (slows the body)
- A reflex is an impulse that travels straight from the body to the spinal cord, producing a response, such as jerking your hand away when touching a hot surface
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, and nails
- Skin provides a protective barrier from the environment and helps regulate body temperature
- The skin has three layers: epidermis (outermost layer), dermis (middle layer), and subcutaneous layer (innermost layer composed of fat)
- Hair helps with protection and temperature regulation
- Nails help manipulate and pick up objects
Human Body
- The human body consists of the skeletal system, muscular system, and other systems
- The hip bone is the ilium and sacrum, and the pelvic bones include pubis and ischium
- The thigh bone is the femur, the knee bone is the patella, the leg bone is the tibia and fibula, and the foot bone includes tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
- The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula, and allows for circular movement of the upper extremities
- The upper extremities consist of the upper and lower arm, wrist, and bones of the hands
Muscular System
- There are 600 muscles in the body, each with its own special purpose
- Most muscles work in pairs: as one muscle contracts, the opposing muscle relaxes
- Muscles are made up of bundles of fibers bundled together with an insulating cover
- A nerve is attached to each muscle and causes the muscle to contract when stimulated
- Examples of muscles include masseter (cheek), sternocleidomastoid (neck), deltoid (shoulder), pectoralis major (chest), biceps (arm), triceps (side of arm), rectus abdominis (abdomen), external oblique (side of abdomen), sartorius (below the hip), adductor femoris (genital region), quadriceps femoris (thigh), vastus medialis (above the knee), gastrocnemius (side of leg), and tibialis anterior (below the knee)
Digestive System
- The digestive system consists of a long tube called the alimentary canal and accessory organs of digestion
- The two processes of digestion are mechanical (chewing, swallowing, peristalsis, and defecation) and chemical digestion
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Description
Test your knowledge on human muscles and their functions. Learn about how muscles work in pairs, are made up of fibers, and are stimulated by nerves. Identify key muscles like masseter, sternocleidomastoid, and deltoid.
