Human Movement Across Life Stages

The state of relying on others for basic needs due to physical, mental, or social limitations.

A reduction in the ability to perform everyday activities, leading to a need for assistance.

A validated tool measuring a person's ability to perform daily activities, including self-care, mobility, and communication.

The ability to perform everyday activities, including taking care of oneself, moving around, and engaging in social activities.

Age-related changes and co-occurring illnesses can contribute to dependency.

Poor physical functioning, such as weakness or limitations in movement, can hinder independence.

Cognitive decline can make it difficult to manage daily life and contribute to dependence.

Living in remote areas often means less access to healthcare and social support, potentially increasing dependence.

The ability of the nervous system to coordinate and control muscle movements, allowing for purposeful actions. It's like the orchestra conductor, directing all the body parts to work together seamlessly to achieve a goal.

The main area of the brain responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary muscle movements. It's like the "powerhouse" for your muscle commands.

A theory suggesting that the brain directly controls muscle force by sending signals through specific nerve pathways. It's like directly pressing buttons on a machine to make it move.

This theory proposes that the brain sets specific conditions for muscle action, which influence the muscle's behavior based on the environment and task. It's like setting the stage for the muscle to act, rather than directly commanding it.

The ability to refine and enhance motor control through practice and training. It's like learning a new sport, your movements get smoother and more controlled over time.

The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt its connections in response to new information, sensory stimulation, development, dysfunction or damage.

A process that occurs throughout childhood, involving the acquisition of motor skills and maturation of the nervous system, leading to physical and functional independence.

Early motor behavior is organized by basic neural networks in the brainstem and spinal cord, leading to initial variability in movement that adapts to the environment. This variability continues to develop with age.

Factors that can negatively impact a child's motor development, including low birth weight, malnutrition, certain medical conditions, and low socioeconomic conditions.

The process of learning a new motor skill is influenced by factors such as opportunities to perform the action, motivation to achieve a goal, a stimulating social environment, and cultural influences.

The development of motor skills is closely intertwined with other aspects of development, including psychological, social, sensory, and proprioceptive aspects.

A newborn has the ability to move their arms and make gestures. By 3 months, they can use their arms to lift their head while looking at their hands.

By 6 months, a baby can manipulate objects with their hands and sit for a short period. By 9 months, they can crawl and carry weight while standing.

A system that balances the demands of the environment with the internal resources of organizations, institutions, or sectors in health, education, and labor fields.

A measure of the degree of dependency of the elderly, quantifying the level of care required.

A theory that defines development based on general levels of health, education, and employment, reflecting opportunities and access to resources. It emphasizes the importance of comfort, recreation, and leisure.

A theory that measures development based on individual experiences and subjective well-being, emphasizing satisfaction and fulfillment. It values personal commitment, influence, empathy, and satisfaction.

A theory that explores development through processing information from media and interpreting reality as members of a particular group or culture. It emphasizes the influence of social interaction and shared knowledge.

This level of supervision involves providing support and guidance to individuals, allowing them to perform tasks with assistance. It is a step towards greater independence.

This level of supervision means the individual requires no external assistance for their daily activities and can function completely on their own.

The ability of the heart to effectively pump blood throughout the body.

The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries.

The thickening of the left ventricle, often a response to conditions like atherosclerosis.

The process of losing muscle mass, a common change in aging.

The loss of bone mass, making bones weaker and more prone to fractures.

The gradual decrease in lung capacity, making breathing more difficult.

The decline in the ability to respond to stress, leading to slower recovery from challenges.

The reduction in the number and effectiveness of cilia, tiny hair-like structures in the lungs that help clear mucus.

The ability to coordinate and control movements smoothly and efficiently, typically developing around 6-7 years old.

Patterns of movement that involve projecting the body through space, including walking, running, and jumping.

Locomotion patterns that combine basic movements, like gliding with a change in direction or jumping over obstacles.

Changes in the ability to perform locomotion patterns as we age, leading to slower movement, shorter strides, and reduced range of motion.

The act of grabbing or holding an object with the hand, which is a vital aspect of everyday life.