Human Movement Across Life Stages
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Questions and Answers

At what age is a child typically able to scribble and turn pages of a book?

  • 12 months
  • 18 months (correct)
  • 36 months
  • 24 months

    • Which of the following is NOT a warning sign in motor development?

  • Tremors or seizures
  • Ability to jump on one leg (correct)
  • Behavioral disorders
  • Persistence of archaic reflexes

    • What is the primary responsibility of the primary motor cortex?

  • Processing visual information
  • Controlling motor functions (correct)
  • Processing language functions
  • Regulating heart rate

    • Which developmental milestone is typically reached at 24 months?

    <p>Walking up and down stairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The indirect theory of motor control suggests that force production is influenced by what?

    <p>Neurophysiological parameters independent of biomechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of manipulative activities is characterized by mechanically efficient and coordinated movements?

    <p>Mature stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of basic locomotion patterns?

    <p>They generally involve jumping, running, and walking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aging have on locomotion patterns?

    <p>Slowdown in execution and reduced range of movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are indicated by grip strength as a biomarker?

    <p>Aging and depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a 5 kg decrease in grip strength?

    <p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a main focus in the healthcare of elderly people?

    <p>Functional independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence dependence?

    <p>Living in urban neighborhoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) primarily assess?

    <p>Self-care and mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotional response is commonly associated with dependence?

    <p>Guilt and burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scoring range for each item in the FIM questionnaire?

    <p>1 to 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a problem resulting from dependence?

    <p>Mental health disorders in the dependent person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a factor influencing dependence?

    <p>Robust physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways can dependence affect caregivers?

    <p>Increased emotional hardship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of measuring the degree of dependency in the elderly?

    <p>To measure the degree of dependency and quantify care demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of functional independence?

    <p>Increase in caregiver dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the quality of life theory, high or medium levels of access and enjoyment of resources are important for what?

    <p>Ensuring comfort, recreation, or leisure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subjective well-being theory focus on?

    <p>Individual satisfaction with personal and social experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the theory of social representations?

    <p>It involves the processing of information influenced by media exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of functional independence in elderly care?

    <p>Reduction in chronic diseases and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the quality of life theory view the impact of resource shortages?

    <p>They diminish the meaning of quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the human development system balance according to the content?

    <p>Environmental demands and internal resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the ability of the nervous system to modify itself?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes motor development?

    <p>A sequential and dynamic process occurring throughout childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a child typically able to sit for a limited period and play with their feet?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a stimulating social environment play in motor skill learning?

    <p>It encourages motor behavior through cultural influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is typically observed in a 9-month-old child?

    <p>Starts crawling and can carry weight when standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does low birth weight have on motor development?

    <p>It can be a risk factor in motor development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a risk factor in motor development?

    <p>Large family size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of primary and secondary variability in early motor behavior?

    <p>Represents the initial adaptation and functional maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cardiovascular change associated with aging?

    <p>Thickening of the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the deterioration of aerobic capacity in aging individuals?

    <p>Imbalance in contribution and consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What musculoskeletal change is predominantly seen in aging?

    <p>Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect respiratory muscle strength?

    <p>Respiratory muscle strength decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a respiratory change observed in aging?

    <p>Decrease in the maximum capacity of lung volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of muscle atrophy in the aging population?

    <p>Limited movement and performance of basic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiovascular change is associated with an increase in blood pressure in aging?

    <p>Alteration in cardiac pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change happens to the bones with aging?

    <p>Loss of bone mass (osteopenia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Movement Across Life Stages

    • Functional independence is a lifelong goal, involving personal autonomy and the ability to perform daily tasks independently.
    • Dependence can arise due to physical, mental, social, or economic factors.
    • Factors influencing dependence include age, diseases, impairments (physical and cognitive), living situations, poor nutrition, depression, and low socioeconomic status.
    • Functional Independence is the physical and mental capacity to carry out daily living activities autonomously.
    • Increasing numbers of elderly people emphasize the importance of functional independence.
    • Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a tool used to assess the degree of dependence in elderly individuals.

    Problems of Dependence

    • Dependence is the loss of personal autonomy due to physical, mental, social or economic factors.
    • Quality of life decreases with dependence.
    • Social spending increases due to increased healthcare needs of dependent individuals.
    • Caregivers face significant physical, mental, and socioeconomic burdens.

    Functional Independence

    • Physical and mental capacity to perform daily living tasks and maintain bodily functions.
    • Increasing the focus on the health and well-being of the elderly.
    • Expanding the understanding of health-disease evaluation.
    • Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

    Factors Influencing Dependence

    • Age and co-occurring diseases
    • Physical impairments
    • Cognitive impairments
    • Socioeconomic factors (rural environment, poor nutrition, low economic level)
    • Psychological factors (depression, low self-efficacy)

    Improvement of Quality of Life

    • Decrease in mental health disorders
    • Increased physical activity levels, leading to reduced chronic diseases and mortality rates.
    • Cost-effective healthcare solutions (fewer hospital admissions, fewer surgical interventions, reduced healthcare spending).

    Theories on Human Development

    • Systems that balance environmental demands with internal resources across health, education, and labor sectors.
    • Three key theories: Quality of Life (QoL), subjective well-being, and social representations.
    • QoL is measured by health, education, and employment levels in comparison to societal opportunities.
    • Subjective well-being focuses on positive experiences and satisfaction with oneself and others.
    • Social representations examine how individuals interpret reality in groups and cultures.

    Motor Development and Motor Control

    • Sequential and dynamic process throughout childhood involving acquiring motor skills and nervous system maturation.
    • Motor skills are linked to psychological, social, sensory, and proprioceptive development.
    • Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to modify itself in response to new information and experience.

    Key Characteristics of Motor Development

    • Age-related milestones in motor skills (e.g., newborn, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 36 months).
    • Early warning signs suggestive of developmental delays (e.g., persistent archaic reflexes, abnormal muscle reflexes, tremors, and seizures).

    Body Systems Changes in Aging

    • Changes across various body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and nervous.
    • General decline in function, impacting physical strength, immune response, sensory processing, and cognitive function due to aging.

    Locomotion Patterns Across the Lifespan

    • Basic patterns of movement (BPM) that include locomotor (moving from one place to another) and manipulative (handling objects) activities.
    • Milestones during development and decline patterns related to aging.
    • Prehension, the way of grasping and holding objects.

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    Human Movement Across Life Stages PDF

    Description

    Explore the concept of functional independence across different life stages. Understand the factors that contribute to dependence and the importance of maintaining autonomy, particularly in the elderly population. Learn about the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and its role in assessing dependence levels.

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