21 Questions
Where is the heart located in the body?
Between the lungs in the mediastinum
What separates the heart from other structures?
Pericardium
Which part of the heart is superior and medial to the apex?
Base
What type of athletes may have noticeably larger hearts?
Aerobic athletes
Which vessels always carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which layer surrounds the heart and is also the innermost layer of pericardium?
Epicardium
What is the formula for cardiac output?
CO = SV * HR
Which factor can amplify heart murmurs?
Deep breathing
What is the normal stroke volume for a 150 lbs. individual?
$70$ ml
What is the target heart rate for aerobic exercise?
120 - 160 BPM
How do epinephrine and norepinephrine contribute to heart function?
Increase contractility
What is the primary role of the medulla oblongata in heart rate regulation?
Control HR through the vagus nerve
Which valves are responsible for preventing backflow from arteries back into ventricles?
Semilunar valves
Where is the SA node located in the heart?
In the right atrium
What causes the action potential (electrical current) in cardiac muscle?
Na, Ca, and K
Which component of the heart is responsible for holding muscle cells together?
Intercalated disc
During which phase does the ventricles contract and blood tries to go back into the atria?
Isovolumic ventricular relaxation
What is the function of papillary muscles in the ventricles?
To pull the chordae tendineae
What occurs during the T wave on an EKG?
Ventricular repolarization
What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (EKG) in diagnosing cardiac problems?
To diagnose electrical activity of the heart
What do you hear during auscultation of the heart's sounds with a stethoscope?
All heart sounds including S1, S2, and S3
This quiz covers the function and anatomy of the human heart, including how it pumps blood through the body, its location in the thoracic cavity, and the structure of the pericardium. It also mentions the average amount of fluid pumped per minute and variations in heart size among individuals.
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