Human Heart Anatomy Quiz

Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle through the mitral valve.

Pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta, supplying the body with fresh blood.

Prevents blood from flowing back from the ventricles to the atria.

The tricuspid valve has three cusps and is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

The mitral valve has two cusps and resembles a miter in shape. It's located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

The upper chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.

The lower chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.

A valve that controls blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A valve that controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, leading to the lungs.

The largest vein in the body carrying deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

The closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, marking the beginning of ventricular contraction.

The closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, marking the end of ventricular contraction.

A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, caused by rapid ventricular filling.

A high-pitched sound heard just before S1, caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.

A palpable vibration felt over the heart, usually associated with a loud murmur.

An abnormally strong, forceful heartbeat that is often felt, sometimes even seen, in the chest.

A palpable vibration felt over the precordium, caused by turbulent blood flow.

A left lateral position can help to more easily feel the apex beat.

When the apex beat is shifted outward in the same intercostal space, it's weak and diffused. This indicates an enlarged right ventricle.

A visible pulsation at the second left intercostal space, a palpable (S2 or diastolic shock) at the same location, a dull sound on percussion, and an accentuated S2 on auscultation.

The most visible and palpable point of pulsation on the heart; normally formed by the left ventricle.

The apex of the heart is located in the fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line, which is roughly aligned with the nipple line.

In right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), the apex shifts outward and feels weak, while in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the apex shifts outward and downward, typically feeling strong and localized.

If the apex is confined to a single intercostal space, it suggests left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), while if it spreads across multiple spaces, it indicates right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH).

In children under four years old, the apex of the heart is typically found in the fourth intercostal space.

The contraction of the atria, pushing blood into the ventricles. It is represented by the P-wave on an ECG.

The process of the ventricles contracting, closing the AV valves and pushing blood into the arteries. It's represented by the QRS complex on an ECG.

The period of relaxation for the ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the atria. It's represented by the T-wave on an ECG.

The electrical signal that depicts the depolarization of the ventricles. It's represented by the QRS complex on an ECG.

The electrical signal that depicts the depolarization of the atria. It's represented by the P-wave on an ECG.

Echocardiography with Doppler is a primary diagnostic tool for congenital heart disease, providing detailed images of the heart's structure and function

An echocardiogram is used to visualize the heart's chambers, valves, and blood flow, revealing abnormalities and helping diagnose congenital heart disease.

Fetal circulation differs from adult circulation, with unique structures like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus allowing blood flow to bypass the lungs.

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta in the fetus, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

The foramen ovale is an opening in the septum between the atria in the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation.

The flow of blood in a fetus before birth.

A condition where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, remains open after birth, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Heart defects that cause cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin, due to poor oxygenation.

Heart defects that don't usually lead to cyanosis, often with symptoms of fatigue, murmur, and increased risk of complications.

A common type of cyanogenic heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities, leading to symptoms like squatting, cyanosis, and clubbing fingers.

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition that affects the structure of the heart and can cause issues with blood flow. It arises during fetal development and can have varying degrees of severity, from minor defects to complex conditions requiring multiple surgeries.

Cyanotic CHDs refer to conditions where the blood is not fully oxygenated, leading to a bluish tint in the skin, especially around the mouth and fingertips. This is due to a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Non-cyanotic CHDs are heart defects that do not cause a bluish discoloration of the skin. These conditions often involve blood flowing in the wrong directions within the heart but the blood remains oxygenated.

Obstructive CHDs are heart defects that impede or restrict blood flow from the heart to the body. This may cause the heart to work harder and can lead to symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath.

Some of the known causes of CHD include maternal diseases, maternal drug exposure, chromosomal disorders, and genetic factors. However, in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown.

A condition where a narrowed pulmonary valve blocks blood flow to the lungs, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood. This results in blue-tinged skin (cyanosis) due to the lack of oxygen in the blood.

It describes the aorta's unusual positioning: instead of emerging solely from the left ventricle, it receives blood from both the left and right ventricles due to a large ventricular septal defect.

A large hole in the wall between the heart's two lower chambers (ventricles). This allows deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and flow directly into the aorta.

A common sign of Fallot Tetralogy, often seen in babies after a few months, where the skin has a bluish hue, especially around the lips and fingertips.

The thickened right ventricle wall helps to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve, adding to the workload of the heart.