Human Genetics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

50
44
46 (correct)
48

Which of the following correctly describes mitochondrial DNA?

It has unique features compared to the nuclear genome. (correct)
It is inherited only from the father.
It resides in the nucleus of cells.
It is identical to nuclear DNA.

Which statement correctly describes homologous chromosomes?

They originate from two different species.
They are always identical in length.
They represent chromosomes that do not undergo meiosis.
They can carry the same genes but may have different alleles. (correct)

What distinguishes sex chromosomes from autosomes in humans?

Sex chromosomes include one pair that determines gender. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

23 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chromosome and genome analysis in clinical medicine?

To identify conditions related to chromosomal changes (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does genomic medicine utilize the knowledge from the Human Genome Project?

By integrating genetic concepts into individualized patient care (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene map?

A representation of gene locations specific to a species or individual (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what context is chromosome/genome analysis particularly emphasized?

Cancer detection and treatment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What influences an individual's unique genome constitution?

Environmental exposures and genome sequence (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of chromosome and genome analysis?

Establishing relationships between species (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does chromosome and genome analysis play in prenatal diagnosis?

It is essential for identifying genetic conditions in fetuses (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are genes arranged within chromosomes?

Linearly, each at a specific location called a locus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What components make up a nucleotide in DNA?

Deoxyribose, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes purines?

Adenine and Guanine (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many protein-coding genes are estimated to exist in the human genome?

20,000 to 25,000 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a gene in medical contexts?

It refers to a variant producing a specific clinical disorder. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Human Genome Project in gene identification?

It enabled a systematic approach to gene identification. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the number of genes in the human genome is accurate?

The total number of genes is constantly evolving with knowledge. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which bases are classified as pyrimidines?

Thymine and Cytosine (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of DNA, which sugar is utilized?

Deoxyribose (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Genome

The complete set of genetic material (DNA) in an organism, including all genes and non-coding regions.

Genome Variation

Differences in the DNA sequence between individuals.