Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the 5' end of a DNA molecule contain?
What does the 5' end of a DNA molecule contain?
- An intron
- A hydroxyl group
- A phosphate group (correct)
- A nitrogenous base
How do epigenetic marks influence gene expression?
How do epigenetic marks influence gene expression?
- Through replication timing
- By changing the DNA sequence
- By altering chromosomal count
- Through DNA methylation and histone modifications (correct)
Which statement is true regarding human chromosome count?
Which statement is true regarding human chromosome count?
- Diploid cells have 23 chromosomes
- Haploid cells contain 46 chromosomes
- Sperm and egg cells are diploid
- Diploid cells contain 46 chromosomes (correct)
What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA?
What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA?
In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize RNA during transcription?
In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize RNA during transcription?
Which statement correctly describes the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
Which statement correctly describes the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA in terms of inheritance?
How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA in terms of inheritance?
Which of the following accurately describes exons in the context of gene expression?
Which of the following accurately describes exons in the context of gene expression?
In the context of DNA replication, what does the 5' to 3' designation indicate?
In the context of DNA replication, what does the 5' to 3' designation indicate?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
Flashcards
5' and 3' ends of DNA
5' and 3' ends of DNA
Specific carbons on the deoxyribose sugar in DNA; the 5' end has a phosphate group, and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group.
Epigenetic Marks
Epigenetic Marks
DNA methylation and histone modifications that affect chromatin activity (euchromatin/heterochromatin).
Human Chromosome Count
Human Chromosome Count
Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs); gametes (sperm/egg) have 23.
Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance
Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance
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Transcription Definition
Transcription Definition
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DNA Replication Direction
DNA Replication Direction
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Chromatin's On/Off Switch
Chromatin's On/Off Switch
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Exon or Intron?
Exon or Intron?
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Telomere's Purpose
Telomere's Purpose
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Orientation
- 5' and 3' designations refer to carbons on the deoxyribose sugar.
- 5' end has a phosphate group; 3' end has a hydroxyl group.
- Directionality of DNA and RNA synthesis is 5' → 3'.
Chromatin and Epigenetics
- Epigenetic marks (methylation, histone modifications) control chromatin activity (euchromatin vs. heterochromatin).
- Exons are coding sequences in DNA; introns are spliced out.
Human Chromosomes
- Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- Haploid cells (sperm/egg) have 23 chromosomes.
- Telomeres are sequences at chromosome ends protecting against genetic loss during replication.
Mitochondrial DNA
- Inherited exclusively from the mother (egg provides mitochondria).
- Codes for some ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and proteins crucial for mitochondrial function.
Transcription
- Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
- RNA polymerase performs transcription by creating a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.
- Transcription occurs 5' → 3' on the newly synthesized RNA strand.
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