Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the 5' end of a DNA molecule contain?
What does the 5' end of a DNA molecule contain?
How do epigenetic marks influence gene expression?
How do epigenetic marks influence gene expression?
Which statement is true regarding human chromosome count?
Which statement is true regarding human chromosome count?
What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA?
What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA?
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In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize RNA during transcription?
In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize RNA during transcription?
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Which statement correctly describes the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
Which statement correctly describes the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
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How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA in terms of inheritance?
How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA in terms of inheritance?
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Which of the following accurately describes exons in the context of gene expression?
Which of the following accurately describes exons in the context of gene expression?
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In the context of DNA replication, what does the 5' to 3' designation indicate?
In the context of DNA replication, what does the 5' to 3' designation indicate?
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What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Orientation
- 5' and 3' designations refer to carbons on the deoxyribose sugar.
- 5' end has a phosphate group; 3' end has a hydroxyl group.
- Directionality of DNA and RNA synthesis is 5' → 3'.
Chromatin and Epigenetics
- Epigenetic marks (methylation, histone modifications) control chromatin activity (euchromatin vs. heterochromatin).
- Exons are coding sequences in DNA; introns are spliced out.
Human Chromosomes
- Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- Haploid cells (sperm/egg) have 23 chromosomes.
- Telomeres are sequences at chromosome ends protecting against genetic loss during replication.
Mitochondrial DNA
- Inherited exclusively from the mother (egg provides mitochondria).
- Codes for some ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and proteins crucial for mitochondrial function.
Transcription
- Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
- RNA polymerase performs transcription by creating a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.
- Transcription occurs 5' → 3' on the newly synthesized RNA strand.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of DNA, the orientation of nucleotides, and the basics of chromatin and epigenetics. This quiz covers essential topics including human chromosomes, mitochondrial DNA, and the process of transcription. Get ready to dive into the molecular world of genetics!