Human Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Administration
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the radical techniques mentioned in the text for curing autoimmune diseases?

  • Introducing probiotics
  • Replacing the patient's immune system completely (correct)
  • Using herbal remedies
  • Receiving blood transfusions
  • How many people have received the radical immune system replacement treatment according to the text?

  • 1,000
  • 1,500 (correct)
  • 2,000
  • 500
  • What was the outcome for about one third of the participants who received the immune system replacement treatment?

  • Immediate relapse after treatment
  • No response to the treatment
  • Continuous remission without needing further treatments (correct)
  • Long-lasting side effects
  • Why do doctors use intense chemotherapy and radiation before bone marrow transplants in immune system replacement treatment?

    <p>To destroy the existing immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune diseases were specifically mentioned in the text as examples of those that can have tragic effects?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis and scleroderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of autoimmune diseases on patients?

    <p>Relatively normal life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why each B cell only produces one kind of antibody?

    <p>Antibody genes are rearranged randomly in each B cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the problem Georges Köhler and César Milstein's technique aimed to solve?

    <p>Inability to clone lymphocytes continuously in culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that allows hybridoma cells to produce homogeneous monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Cloning of the hybridoma cells in culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not possible for each B cell to be a direct source of homogeneous antibodies by cloning?

    <p>Limitations in the growth of lymphocytes in culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect enabled the production of antibodies to almost any antigen in quantity using monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Cloning hybridoma cells for homogeneous antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the resulting hybridoma cells from normal lymphocytes?

    <p>Capability to be cloned continuously in culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector used in ex vivo gene therapy for SCID?

    <p>Maloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the gag, pol, and env genes removed from the MMLV used in gene therapy?

    <p>To prevent viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ex vivo gene therapy for SCID, what happens to the MMLV particles after they infect the packaging cell line?

    <p>They are collected for use in infecting target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using controls in ex vivo gene therapy with MMLV?

    <p>To prevent mutated viruses from escaping to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of human gene therapy involves removing somatic cells from the patient for manipulation?

    <p>Ex vivo gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target of infection in ex vivo gene therapy for SCID using MMLV?

    <p>Bone marrow cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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