lecture 10

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Which type of photoreceptor is most concentrated in the fovea?

Green-sensitive cones (correct)

Red-sensitive cones

Blue-sensitive cones

Rods

What is the main function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)?

To transmit visual information from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells

To provide lateral inhibition between photoreceptors

To convey visual information from the eye to the rest of the visual system (correct)

To generate graded depolarizations in response to light

Why do most retinal cells not have axons, unlike the RGCs?

The cells are close together and can use graded potentials for communication (correct)

The cells need to generate action potentials for efficient information transfer

The cells need to release neurotransmitter over long distances

The cells are too far apart and need axons for long-distance communication

Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?

Red-sensitive cones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

To transmit visual information from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of cGMP in photoreceptor cells?

cGMP disassociates from the Na+ channel when light is present, causing the channel to close. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of having the photopigment molecules on the stacked disks instead of directly on the Na+ channels?

It increases the chance of light being detected by the rod. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of G-proteins in the phototransduction process?

G-proteins amplify the signal by allowing each molecule of opsin to activate many G-proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of photoreceptor cell is so sensitive that a single photon can produce a detectable change in membrane potential?

Rods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

To transmit signals from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

To be responsible for vision in very dim light Signup and view all the answers

How do rods and cones differ in their sensitivity to light intensity?

Rods are more sensitive to light intensity than cones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cones in the retina?

To detect colors Signup and view all the answers

Where are rods located in the retina?

Only outside the fovea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of G-proteins in the phototransduction process?

To amplify the signal by activating multiple enzymes that convert cGMP to GMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of having the photopigment molecules on the stacked discs instead of directly on the sodium channels?

It increases the surface area for light absorption, enhancing sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of retinal cells is primarily responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain?

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

To relay and modulate signals from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells Signup and view all the answers

How do rods and cones differ in their sensitivity to light intensity?

Rods are more sensitive to low light intensities, while cones are more sensitive to high light intensities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina?

Photoreceptors synapse onto bipolar cells, which then synapse onto retinal ganglion cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of horizontal cells in the retina?

To provide feedback inhibition to photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of cGMP in photoreceptor cells?

cGMP levels decrease in response to light, leading to the closure of cGMP-gated sodium channels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of amacrine cells in the retina?

Amacrine cells modulate the activity of retinal ganglion cells through inhibitory and excitatory connections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the functional differences between rods and cones?

Rods are responsible for low-light vision, while cones are responsible for color vision and high-acuity vision. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the receptive fields of retinal neurons is correct?

The receptive field of a retinal neuron corresponds to the location in the visual field that elicits the maximum response from that neuron. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of photoreceptors in the retina?

Photoreceptors are the only cell type in the retina that is directly sensitive to light. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the functional differences between rods and cones?

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones and are responsible for vision in dim light conditions, while cones are less sensitive to light and are responsible for vision in bright light conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

To integrate and process signals from multiple photoreceptors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)?

RGCs transmit visual information from the retina to higher visual processing centers in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

lecture 10

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Questions and Answers

Which type of photoreceptor is most concentrated in the fovea?

What is the main function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)?

Why do most retinal cells not have axons, unlike the RGCs?

Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of cGMP in photoreceptor cells?

What is the advantage of having the photopigment molecules on the stacked disks instead of directly on the Na+ channels?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of G-proteins in the phototransduction process?

Which type of photoreceptor cell is so sensitive that a single photon can produce a detectable change in membrane potential?

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

How do rods and cones differ in their sensitivity to light intensity?

What is the primary function of cones in the retina?

Where are rods located in the retina?

What is the primary role of G-proteins in the phototransduction process?

What is the primary advantage of having the photopigment molecules on the stacked discs instead of directly on the sodium channels?

Which type of retinal cells is primarily responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain?

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

How do rods and cones differ in their sensitivity to light intensity?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina?

What is the primary function of horizontal cells in the retina?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of cGMP in photoreceptor cells?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of amacrine cells in the retina?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the functional differences between rods and cones?

Which of the following statements about the receptive fields of retinal neurons is correct?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of photoreceptors in the retina?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the functional differences between rods and cones?

What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)?

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