STS | CHAPTER 7: HUMAN FLOURISHING
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic of early humans contributed to their ability to adapt to diverse habitats?

  • Longer lifespan
  • Development of language
  • Increased physical strength
  • Walking upright (correct)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that influenced the evolution of human characteristics?

  • Environmental changes
  • Increased knowledge
  • Cultural adaptations
  • Genetic mutations (correct)

How did the use of different tools benefit early humans?

  • It allowed them to communicate better.
  • It enhanced their social bonds.
  • It increased their cooking skills.
  • It improved their hunting efficiency. (correct)

What initial physical adaptation enabled early humans to gather food more effectively?

<p>Walking upright (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The domestication of animals contributed to human development primarily by providing what advantage?

<p>Increased food resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of mental health is associated with human flourishing?

<p>Positive emotion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which change in human behavior was driven by adaptation to changing climates?

<p>Shelter building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit that social life provides for human flourishing?

<p>Enhanced mental health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary change allowed humans to extract more nutrients with less digestive effort?

<p>Shorter gut tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation was necessary for early humans who moved to colder climates?

<p>Compact bodies to conserve heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method did early humans use to document their daily lives?

<p>Cave paintings and wood carvings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the human brain today compare to that of earlier humans?

<p>It is three times larger than earlier brains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common characteristic of the large skeletal structures from earlier human generations?

<p>They had more robust features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social structure is emphasized as important for individual survival?

<p>Social circles and family connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the government regulate in the context of managing resources?

<p>Distribution of public facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how humans communicated before 50,000 years ago?

<p>With simple sounds and symbols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation is directly attributed to the advancements in tool-making by early humans?

<p>Utilizing fire for cooking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aristotle's definition of man as a rational animal imply about human capabilities?

<p>Humans think and reason consistently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials was NOT mentioned as being utilized by early humans in their advancements?

<p>Glass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did the adoption of animal domestication provide to early humans?

<p>A stable food supply and materials for clothing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of animals was the first to be domesticated according to the provided information?

<p>Goats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change resulted from the shift to permanent settlements?

<p>The emergence of bronze metallurgy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage classify modern humans in terms of their cognitive abilities?

<p>As creative and rational thinkers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the development of new materials play in human innovation?

<p>It facilitated the creation of tools and modern devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle behind Rational Choice Theory?

<p>Choices are made based on personal preferences and benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did changes in early human body structures assist in survival?

<p>They facilitated climbing trees for food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the physical evolution of early humans?

<p>They evolved short digestive tracts for faster metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the evolved human body helped to stay cool in hot climates?

<p>Tall and narrow body structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does society play according to the content?

<p>It serves as the foundation of government. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit did cooking provide to early humans?

<p>It helped in breaking down food for better digestion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the human preference in decision-making?

<p>Humans aim to maximize gains while minimizing losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific adaptations characterized early human anatomy for foraging?

<p>Short bodies with long arms for tree climbing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of social networks according to the content?

<p>To facilitate survival through mutual support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is essential for a man's life?

<p>To attain a purpose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is belonging to a society important for individuals?

<p>It facilitates shared emotional experiences and support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does positive psychological functioning play in physical well-being?

<p>It triggers psychological resilience supporting recovery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does receiving more information affect the brain's processing capabilities?

<p>It enhances processing speed and environmental response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome when individuals do not connect with others?

<p>Decreased feelings of happiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of society?

<p>A family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates decision-making in rational beings?

<p>The pursuit of happiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five pillars of human flourishing according to Saligman?

<p>P.E.R.M.A. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Engagement' in human flourishing?

<p>Being fully absorbed in an activity where time seems to stop. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pillar of human flourishing focuses on the importance of interpersonal connections?

<p>Relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pillar of 'Meaning' primarily relate to?

<p>Belonging to something greater than oneself. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Accomplishment' pillar?

<p>Achieving success and mastery for its own sake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Saligman, how does the formation of social groups contribute to human flourishing?

<p>By serving as the foundation for government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about 'Positive Emotion' is true?

<p>It encompasses a wide range of pleasurable experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacity for complex thought processes and creativity in humans is attributed to which of the following?

<p>Adaptation and the need to survive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Walking Upright

The ability to stand and walk on two legs, freeing the hands for other tasks.

Using of Different Tools

The development and use of tools, starting with simple objects and becoming more complex over time.

Domestication of Animals

Taming and raising animals for food, transportation, and other purposes.

Complexity of the Brain

The increasing complexity of the human brain, allowing for more advanced thought, reasoning, and problem-solving.

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Social Life

The formation of groups or communities, with shared values, roles, and interactions.

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Human Flourishing

A state of well-being and fulfillment, characterized by positive emotions, engagement, meaning, and accomplishment.

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Human Flourishing and STS

The study of how science and technology impact human flourishing, both positively and negatively.

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Homo sapiens

The species that includes modern humans, known for their advanced cognitive abilities.

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Rational Choice Theory

The idea that people make choices based on what benefits them most, maximizing gains and minimizing losses.

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Rationality

The ability to think critically and make judgments based on logic and reason, a key factor in human evolution.

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Human Evolution (Biological)

Changes in body structures that helped early humans adapt to different environments.

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Early Human Body Structure

Early humans with short bodies, long limbs, and large digestive tracts, adapted for climbing trees and consuming plant-based diets.

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Later Human Body Structure

Humans with tall, narrow bodies and long legs, evolved to withstand heat and travel long distances for food.

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Cooking (in Human Evolution)

The process of cooking food, which breaks down complex molecules and makes them easier to digest.

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Society as Moral Standard

The idea that society establishes moral standards for good and evil.

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Regulation of Policies & Standards

Government's role in shaping and regulating society's behavior and upholding ethical standards.

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Rational Animal

The ability of humans to use reason, logic, and critical thinking to solve problems and make decisions.

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Animal Domestication

The process of humans taming and raising animals for various purposes, like food, transportation, and clothing.

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Spiritual Soul

Humans have a unique ability to believe in spiritual concepts and create religions, doctrines, and beliefs about the divine.

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Tool-Making

The use of materials like wood, bone, stone, ivory, and metal to create tools for hunting, gathering, and everyday tasks.

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Fire Control

The ability of early humans to control fire for cooking, warmth, and protection, contributing to technological advancement.

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Metal Smelting

The process of using heat to extract metals from ores, ultimately leading to advancements in tools and technologies.

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Bronze Age

The use of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was a key innovation in early human technology, improving tool production and opening new possibilities.

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Innovation and Invention

The ability of humans to create new inventions, such as guns and electronic devices, based on their understanding of materials and their properties.

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Dietary Shift and Gut Reduction

A key change in human evolution, where diet shifted to include more cooked and processed foods, leading to a reduction in gut size and an increase in energy available for other functions like brain development.

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Human Body Evolution

The change in human body structure from compact and short-gutted to taller and leaner, driven by the evolution of diet and the development of tools, including the use of fire for cooking.

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Early Humans: Compact Bodies and Short Guts

Around 400,000 years ago, humans had compact bodies and short guts, ideal for keeping warm in colder climates and digesting raw meat effectively.

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Communication and Record-Keeping

The development of complex language, symbols, and tools for communication and record-keeping, allowing humans to share knowledge and information more effectively.

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Increasing Brain Size

The human brain has tripled in size over time, allowing for more complex thought, language, and problem-solving abilities.

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Changes in Bone Structure

Modern humans have sleeker and weaker bones compared to our ancestors, due to a less physically demanding lifestyle and the shift towards agriculture and settled societies.

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Societies and Collective Action

The ability of humans to form societies with shared goals, rules, and structures for cooperation, allowing for collective action and improved outcomes.

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Government Regulation and Social Order

The government provides essential services, regulates resources, and enforces laws to ensure the well-being of society, creating order and stability.

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Brain Processing and Survival

The more information the brain receives, the more efficiently it processes and responds to changes in the environment, increasing chances of survival.

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Decision-making and Flourishing

Decisions are often made based on maximizing personal satisfaction and achieving happiness, leading to a state of flourishing.

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The Need to Belong

The inherent desire for belonging and connection with others to achieve self-actualization and fulfill one's purpose.

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What is Society?

A group of individuals who share common economic, social, and industrial structures, facilitating survival through collaboration.

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The Importance of Social Networks

Building and maintaining social connections helps individuals overcome challenges and thrive in a changing environment.

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The Family in Society

The family serves as the foundational unit of society, providing basic needs and contributing to the larger societal structure.

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Mental Wellbeing and Physical Health

Positive mental and social well-being contribute to physical health and resilience, enabling faster recovery from stress.

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Psychological Resilience

The ability to cope with and bounce back from challenging situations, facilitated by a positive mental state.

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Well-Being Theory

A theory explaining human flourishing based on five pillars: Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment.

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Positive Emotions

Pleasure, ecstasy, warmth, comfort, and other positive emotions that contribute to a "pleasant life."

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Engagement

Being fully engaged in an activity, losing track of time and self-consciousness, and experiencing a sense of flow.

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Relationships

The feeling of satisfaction and well-being derived from meaningful connections with others.

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Meaning

Finding meaning in life through values, belonging, or serving something bigger than oneself.

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Accomplishment

Pursuing achievement, competence, success, and mastery in various areas of life for its own sake.

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Study Notes

Human Flourishing

  • Human characteristics have evolved over time, influenced by environmental changes, increased knowledge, and cultural adaptations.
  • Humans evolved from four-legged creatures to walking upright, enabling them to access diverse habitats and adapt to environmental changes.
  • The ability to use tools, including manipulating stones, wood, bone, ivory, and metals, and harnessing fire, is crucial for survival.
  • Domestication of animals, beginning with goats, sheep, and chickens, led to settled lifestyles, providing food, clothing, and labor. Later, larger animals were domesticated.
  • Physical adaptations in the human body, such as evolving from short bodies with long arms and legs to taller, narrower bodies with long legs, enabled humans to survive in different climates and travel in search of food. Larger guts were crucial for a mostly plant-based diet.
  • The human brain has tripled in size, leading to enhanced cognitive abilities and adaptability to environmental changes and opportunities for survival.
  • Humans engage in social interactions and form societal structures: groups, families, and cultures for support, and for fulfilling basic needs.
  • Tools and language/cultural symbols were vital to human development and communication.
  • Our ancestors used art and adornments to record events and represent their identities. This helped them to organize and understand their world.

Importance of Being in Society

  • Society provides regulations and standards to manage resources and public facilities.
  • Society is essentially a collective movement for goals that benefit all members.
  • Social structures help fulfill basic needs. These constructs foster support and growth during life.

Human Flourishing and Mental Health

  • Flourishing involves the pursuit of happiness, self-actualization, and purpose within a social context.
  • Mental well-being is tied to physical health and social functioning.
  • Experiences of positive emotion (pleasure, ecstasy, warmth etc.) contribute to a fulfilling lifestyle.
  • Achieving a meaningful life and accomplishing purposes, whether in the workplace or elsewhere, adds to flourishing.
  • Aristotle believed that living a fulfilling life stemmed from identifying and reaching one's purpose.

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Chapter 7: Human Flourishing PDF - GNED 06

Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics of early humans and their adaptations to diverse habitats. This quiz covers various aspects of human evolution, tool usage, and the impact of social life on mental health. Explore how physical and behavioral changes allowed our ancestors to thrive in different environments.

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