Human Digestive System

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true about the tongue?

It receives digestive enzymes from the stomach mucosa

It produces carbohydrate-digesting enzymes

It closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing (correct)

It produces saliva when food is ingested

In which part of the digestive system does mechanical digestion occur in all EXCEPT?

Small intestine (correct)

Oral cavity

Stomach

Pharynx

Which organ produces brush border enzymes?

Small intestine (correct)

Pancreas

Liver

Stomach

What is the function of the duodenum?

Receives bile from the gall bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?

Production of amylase and pepsin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

B and C (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of cholecystokinin?

Presence of fats (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins chemically digested first?

Stomach (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine has an ascending, transverse, and sigmoid part?

Colon (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the stomach?

Splenic artery (A), Common hepatic artery (B), Left gastric artery (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in mechanical digestion in the stomach?

Rugae (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller peptides?

Pepsin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve stimulates secretion from salivary glands?

Parasympathetic nerves (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates?

Pancreas (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of taking in food into the digestive tract called?

Ingestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for producing the peritoneal fluid?

Serosa (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive tract has cartilage in its wall?

Esophagus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure receives food from the esophagus?

Stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pyloric sphincter?

To allow a small amount of chyme to enter the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding bacteria in the digestive tract?

Bacteria in the large intestine digest carbohydrates (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which epithelial tissue type is found in the oral cavity?

Stratified squamous epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure usually contains bile?

Gallbladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal condition for digestive activity in the small intestine?

The gall bladder produces the right amount of bile to help digest fat (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the control of digestion?

Mechanoreceptors detect the stretch of the walls as food enters the stomach (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive System

The tongue is important for swallowing and plays a crucial role in the digestive process.
Mechanical digestion occurs in the oral cavity, stomach, and pharynx, but not in the small intestine.
The liver produces lipases, while the pancreas produces hydrochloric acid.
The stomach produces brush border enzymes, and the small intestine is responsible for absorption of fats and water.

Organs and Functions

The duodenum receives bile from the gallbladder and is part of the small intestine.
The liver stores glycogen and produces enzymes for digestion.
The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, including amylase and lipase.
The stomach is responsible for mechanical and chemical digestion, breaking down proteins into smaller subunits.
The small intestine is involved in peristalsis and segmentation, and possesses villi and microvilli.

Hormones and Digestion

Cholecystokinin is released in response to the presence of fats and stimulates the contraction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter.
Gastrin is produced in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
Secretin is produced in the duodenum and stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice.

Anatomy and Structure

The pharynx is involved in swallowing and is not part of the digestive tract.
The visceral peritoneum is located on the external surface of the stomach.
The stomach has three layers of smooth muscle, and the small intestine has villi and microvilli.
The large intestine is involved in the absorption of water and electrolytes, and has haustra, cecum, and splenic flexure.

Bacteria and Digestion

Not all bacteria in the digestive tract are beneficial to the body, and some can be harmful.
The large intestine is home to a diverse range of bacteria that help digest certain nutrients.
The stomach's acidic environment helps kill bacteria that enter the body through food.

Digestive Process

Ingestion is the process of taking in food into the digestive tract.
Mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth and stomach, while chemical digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
The digestive process is controlled by the enteric nervous system, which is located in the walls of the digestive tract.
The digestive process is also regulated by hormones, such as gastrin and cholecystokinin, which stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes.