Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?
- To regulate body temperature.
- To transport oxygen throughout the body.
- To filter waste products from the blood.
- To break down food into nutrients for absorption. (correct)
The process of digestion begins in the stomach.
The process of digestion begins in the stomach.
False (B)
What enzyme, present in saliva, initiates the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates?
What enzyme, present in saliva, initiates the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates?
amylase
The ball of food formed in the mouth by the action of the tongue is called a ____.
The ball of food formed in the mouth by the action of the tongue is called a ____.
Match the following digestive processes with their correct description:
Match the following digestive processes with their correct description:
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Peristalsis is a voluntary muscle movement that pushes the bolus down the esophagus.
Peristalsis is a voluntary muscle movement that pushes the bolus down the esophagus.
What is the name of the muscular valve that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach?
What is the name of the muscular valve that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach?
The folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand when full are called ____.
The folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand when full are called ____.
What is the purpose of gastric juice in the stomach?
What is the purpose of gastric juice in the stomach?
The stomach is not capable of absorbing any substances.
The stomach is not capable of absorbing any substances.
What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions that leaves the stomach called?
What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions that leaves the stomach called?
The digested bolus, now called chyme, exits the stomach through the ________ sphincter.
The digested bolus, now called chyme, exits the stomach through the ________ sphincter.
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the stomach?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the stomach?
Mucus in the stomach primarily functions to aid in the digestion of lipids.
Mucus in the stomach primarily functions to aid in the digestion of lipids.
Flashcards
Digestive System
Digestive System
Breaks down food into nutrients, delivering them to the circulatory system.
Ingestion
Ingestion
Taking food into the body through the mouth.
Digestion
Digestion
Breaking down food into smaller nutrient molecules.
Absorption
Absorption
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Egestion
Egestion
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Physical Digestion in the mouth
Physical Digestion in the mouth
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Amylase
Amylase
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Bolus
Bolus
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Pharynx
Pharynx
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Epiglottis
Epiglottis
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Esophagus
Esophagus
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
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Rugae
Rugae
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Physical Digestion in the Stomach
Physical Digestion in the Stomach
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Study Notes
- The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food.
- The broken-down food becomes nutrients.
- These nutrients then enter the circulatory system.
- From the circulatory system, nutrients are transported to where they are needed in the body.
Stages of Food Processing
- There are four stages of food processing.
- Ingestion is the process of taking in food.
- Digestion is the breakdown of food into nutrients.
- Absorption is the process of cells taking in nutrients.
- Egestion is the removal of any leftover waste products.
Human Digestive System - Mouth
- The digestive process starts when food enters the mouth
- The teeth physically break down the food.
- The digestion process starts chemically with amylase, an enzyme in saliva.
- Amylase breaks down carbohydrates.
Human Digestive System - Bolus
- The tongue manipulates the food in the mouth until it forms a ball, now called a bolus.
- This bolus is then passed to the pharynx (throat).
- The epiglottis ensures the bolus enters the esophagus and not the windpipe.
Human Digestive System - Esophagus and Peristalsis
- The bolus travels down the esophagus via peristalsis.
- Peristalsis involves muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach.
Human Digestive System - Stomach Entry
- To enter the stomach, the bolus must pass through the lower esophageal sphincter.
- The esophageal sphincter is a tight muscle.
- It functions to prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus.
Human Digestive System - Stomach
- The stomach features folds called rugae.
- The stomach is a muscular pouch that churns the bolus through physical digestion.
- The bolus mixes with gastric juice, which is a mixture of stomach acid, mucus, and enzymes.
Human Digestive System - Stomach Functions
- Stomach acid kills invading bacteria or viruses.
- Enzymes aid in breaking down proteins and lipids, which is chemical digestion.
- Mucus protects the stomach lining from being eroded by stomach acid.
Human Digestive System - Chyme
- The stomach also absorbs some substances, including some medicines like aspirin, water, and alcohol.
- The digested bolus is now called chyme.
- Chyme then exits the stomach through the pyloric sphincter.
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