Human Development Terms and Stages
37 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of behavior modification in therapy?

  • To alter cognitive perceptions of reality
  • To promote self-actualization through personal exploration
  • To systematically increase desired behaviors and decrease problematic ones (correct)
  • To reduce anxiety through medication

Which technique involves gradually exposing clients to anxiety-inducing situations?

  • Cognitive restructuring
  • Counterconditioning
  • Exposure therapy (correct)
  • Rational-Emotive Therapy

What is the primary goal of Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)?

  • To encourage self-exploration and personal growth
  • To change irrational beliefs that lead to emotional distress (correct)
  • To promote behavioral change through reinforcement
  • To facilitate interpersonal communication skills

In cognitive behavioral therapies, what is the main strategy used to change a client's feelings and behaviors?

<p>Altering the perception of life experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes client-centered therapy?

<p>A therapy model promoting self-actualization and psychological growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is classified under Dissociative disorders?

<p>Dissociative amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT associated with Schizophrenic disorders?

<p>Excessive social interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorder falls under Cluster B of the three clusters?

<p>Antisocial personality disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is typically diagnosed in early childhood and may affect individuals throughout their life?

<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is commonly used for individuals receiving treatment in a hospital or institutional setting?

<p>Patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes biomedical therapy?

<p>It alters brain functioning through chemical or physical interventions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary misconception about mental illness as suggested in the content?

<p>It is a rare condition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach is characterized by exploring unconscious motivations and conflicts?

<p>Psychoanalysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for deciding what is considered abnormal?

<p>Superficial conformity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defense mechanism involves justifying behaviors or feelings with rational explanations?

<p>Rationalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is known for the concept of men experiencing 'womb envy'?

<p>Karen Horney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model emphasizes the role of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors in developing psychological disorders?

<p>Diathesis-Stress model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks?

<p>Panic Disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Mood Disorders?

<p>Dysphoric mood and anhedonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an anxiety disorder?

<p>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic indicates that a behavior may be seen as abnormal due to observer discomfort?

<p>Causing others to feel threatened (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes continuous development?

<p>A gradual change that happens over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?

<p>Understanding of object permanence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands?

<p>Authoritative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to substances that can cause birth defects?

<p>Tetragons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does a child typically exhibit egocentrism, according to Piaget?

<p>Pre-operational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lev Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development emphasize?

<p>Learning guided by more knowledgeable others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attachment style is characterized by high levels of anxiety and avoidance?

<p>Insecure ambivalent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning?

<p>The resolution of moral dilemmas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a central trait in personality?

<p>Honesty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is NOT one of the dimensions in Hans Eysenck's model?

<p>Agreeableness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development?

<p>Weaning off the bottle/breast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the state where an individual is stuck in an earlier stage of psychosexual development?

<p>Fixation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Freud's structural model of personality, which component operates on the pleasure principle?

<p>Id (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is included in the Five Factor Model (OCEAN) of personality?

<p>Openness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain of psyche that stores repressed urges and primitive impulses called?

<p>Unconscious (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a secondary trait?

<p>Dress preference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Developmental Psychology

The study of how people change throughout their lives, focusing on physical, cognitive, and social development.

Continuous Development

Development as a gradual and ongoing process, with skills and abilities improving steadily over time.

Discontinuous Development

Development as a series of distinct stages, with significant changes occurring between each stage.

Longitudinal Study

Research following the same group of individuals over a long period, observing changes in their development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cross-Sectional Study

Research comparing individuals of different ages at a single point in time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Schema

A mental framework or concept that helps us organize and understand information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assimilation

Taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accommodation

Modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Trait

A major characteristic of a person that influences their behavior and personality. It's a core aspect of who they are.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Trait

A specific personal feature that helps predict an individual's behavior but doesn't offer a deep understanding of their personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Raymond Catell

A psychologist who developed a personality theory based on 16 factors or traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hans Eysenck

A psychologist who proposed a three-dimensional model of personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Five Factor Model (BIG Five)

A comprehensive model that describes personality using five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Libido

Psychic energy that drives individuals towards sensual pleasure, especially sexual ones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fixation

A state where an individual remains attached to objects or activities more associated with an earlier stage of psychosexual development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

A theory that proposes that personality development occurs through a series of stages focused on erogenous zones, from oral to genital.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ego Defense Mechanisms

Mental strategies used by the ego to protect itself from conflicts or anxieties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Repression

Pushing unpleasant or threatening thoughts and feelings into the unconscious mind, effectively forgetting or suppressing them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rationalization

Creating a seemingly logical reason for a behavior that is actually motivated by an unacceptable or unconscious desire.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Denial

Refusing to acknowledge or admit the reality of a painful or threatening situation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collective Unconscious (Jung)

A shared reservoir of universal experiences, instincts, and archetypes passed down through generations of humanity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feelings of Inferiority (Adler)

A fundamental human motivation that drives individuals to strive for success and overcome perceived shortcomings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Womb Envy (Horney)

The theory that men experience envy of women's ability to bear children and may attempt to compensate by achieving power and success.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abnormal Behavior

Behavior that deviates from accepted societal norms and/or causes significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavior Modification

A systematic way to change behavior by using principles of learning to increase desired behaviors and decrease unwanted ones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Counterconditioning

Replacing an unwanted response with a new, more desirable one.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exposure Therapy

Gradually exposing clients to anxiety-triggering situations to help them overcome their fears. A popular method is systematic desensitization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Therapy

Changing thoughts and perceptions to modify feelings and behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)

A system to change personality by targeting irrational beliefs causing negative emotions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypochondriasis

A mental health condition where a person is excessively worried about having a serious illness, despite medical reassurance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A condition where a person has two or more distinct personalities that control their behavior. They may have gaps in memory and struggle to integrate these personalities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Delusions

False beliefs held by a person despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. These beliefs strongly influence their behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Schizophrenia

A severe mental illness characterized by fragmented thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and social withdrawal. It significantly affects how someone perceives reality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Disorders

A group of mental health conditions marked by inflexible and unhealthy patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. This impacts a person's relationships and ability to function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions. People with this disorder often struggle with impulsivity, abandonment fears, and intense anger.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Marked by a disregard for social norms, a lack of empathy, and manipulative behavior. Individuals with this disorder may engage in criminal activities and lack remorse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stigma of Mental Illness

The negative attitudes and beliefs directed towards individuals with mental illness, often leading to discrimination and social isolation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Human Development Terms

  • Developmental psychology: The study of psychological development throughout the lifespan.
  • Continuous development: Development that occurs gradually and smoothly.
  • Discontinuous development: Development that occurs in distinct stages.
  • Longitudinal study: A research method that tracks the same individuals over a long period.
  • Cross-sectional study: A research method that compares different age groups at the same time.
  • Chronological age: Age measured in years from birth.
  • Normative/Developmental age: A measure of development based on typical age-related milestones.

Stages of Physical Development

  • Prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood.
  • Key features of each stage, e.g., rapid growth spurts, reflexes at birth.
  • Examples of key milestones: tetragons, perceptual abilities (visual cliff, birth vision), speech perception.

Cognitive Development

  • Piaget's theory: Stages of cognitive development (sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operations, formal operations).
  • Key concepts within each stage: Schema, assimilation, accommodation, object permanence, egocentrism, conservation.
  • Theory of Mind: Understanding that others have different perspectives. Relationship to egocentrism.
  • Social cognition: Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development.

Social Development

  • Erik Erikson's eight-stage model: Trust vs. Mistrust, and other stages.

Temperament

  • Individual differences in behavioral styles, e.g., easy, difficult, slow to warm up.
  • Attachment, Love and Deprivation: Harlow study. John Bowlby/Mary Ainsworth's attachment theory. Parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglecting) and their correlation with attachment.

Moral Development

  • Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning.
  • Six stages.
  • Use of dilemmas.
  • Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's theory.

Personality

  • Definition: Psychological qualities affecting behavior across situations.
  • Trait Theory: Allport's trait approach (cardinal, central, and secondary traits). Stable qualities that affect behavior.
  • Hans Eysenck's three dimensions of personality (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism).
  • Five-Factor Model (Big Five): Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Psychodynamic Theory

  • Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory.
  • Libido, psychic energy and sexual urges.
  • Psychosexual developmental stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital).
  • Fixation and associated behaviors.
  • Defense mechanisms (repression, denial, rationalization).
  • Other psychodynamic theorists: Jung (collective unconscious) and Adler (inferiority complex), Horney (female perspectives).

Psychological Disorders

  • Defining abnormality (emotional distress, maladaptiveness, unpredictability, statistical rarity, observer discomfort, violation of social norms).
  • DSM classification.
  • Anxiety disorders (GAD, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD).
  • Mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder).
  • Somatoform disorders (physical symptoms without a physical cause).
  • Dissociative disorders (dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue).
  • Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
  • Personality disorders (clusters A, B, and C).
  • Childhood disorders (ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, down syndrome).

Therapies

  • Biomedical therapies (drug therapy, surgery, electroconvulsive therapy).
  • Psychotherapy (e.g., psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive).
  • Clinical social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

PSY101 Fall 2018 Final Review PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key terms and stages in human development. This quiz covers topics from developmental psychology, including both physical and cognitive development milestones across various life stages. Understand the differences between continuous and discontinuous development and the research methods used in the field.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser