48 Questions
What is the name of the fallacy that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two events simply because one occurred before the other?
Post Hoc Fallacy
Which design in Development Psychology examines the same group of people on multiple occasions over time?
Longitudinal Design
What term refers to groups who lived during one period differing from groups who lived during another period in Development Psychology research?
Cohort Effects
In the Nature-Nurture Debate, what type of interaction describes the situation where the effects of genes depend on the environment?
Gene-Environment Interaction
What does the Nature-Nurture Debate emphasize about development?
Both Nature and Nurture play important roles
Which factor determines whether a genetic risk factor for violent crimes will lead to violence according to Gene-Environment Interaction?
'Nurture' factors only
Why is the Cross Sectional Design vulnerable to cohort effects?
Because it involves examining different age groups simultaneously
What is a significant drawback of using a Longitudinal Design to study human development?
High attrition rates due to participant dropout
'Children who possess a gene for low levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO) as associated with elevated risk for committing violent crimes.' - Which concept from the text explains this scenario?
'Gene-Environment Interaction'
'False assumption that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event' - Which term describes this fallacy?
'Post Hoc Fallacy'
Which theorist is known for presenting the first complete account of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
What process involves altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience?
Accommodation
At what age range do children typically enter the Concrete Operations Stage according to Piaget?
7-11 years old
What milestone marks the Sensorimotor stage according to Piaget?
Object Permanence
Which concept involves the ability to think about things that are not present in immediate surroundings?
Mental Representation
What stage is characterized by an ability to understand hypothetical reasoning beyond the present?
Formal Operations Stage
In Piaget's theory, what does assimilation refer to?
"Absorbing new experiences into current knowledge"
What does Piaget's theory suggest is the end point of cognitive development?
"Ability to reason logically about hypothetical problems"
What is the main purpose of scaffolding in education?
To gradually remove structure as children improve
At what age does stranger anxiety typically peak, based on the provided information?
12-15 months
According to Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, what percentage of children are classified as 'Difficult Infants' based on temperament?
10%
What did Harry Harlow's research on infant monkeys primarily demonstrate?
Infants prefer a cloth mother for contact comfort
What percentage of children exhibit 'Secure Attachment' according to Ainsworth's categories?
50-60%
In which stage of Erikson's model does the main challenge involve developing an identity?
'Identity vs. Role Confusion'
'Postconventional' stage in Kohlberg's Moral Development focuses on what?
Internal moral principles
'Emerging Adulthood' according to Erikson occurs between which ages?
18-25
[Missing word] is the emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest.
'Attachment'
[Missing word] is the phase of learning during which children are receptive and can benefit from instruction.
'Zone Of Proximal Development'
What is the main drawback of using the Cross Sectional Design in Development Psychology research?
Difficulty in distinguishing between age effects and cohort effects
In the Nature-Nurture Debate, what does the concept of Gene-Environment Interaction emphasize?
Both genes and environment play a role in human development
What is a potential consequence of using a Longitudinal Design in Development Psychology research?
Risk of attrition among study participants over time
Which situation illustrates the Post Hoc Fallacy as described in the text?
Concluding that rain dances cause rain due to observing rain after performing the dance
What is an essential characteristic of the Nature-Nurture Debate according to the text?
It highlights the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping behavior
Which concern arises due to using a Cross Sectional Design in studying human development according to the provided text?
Limited ability to capture individual changes over time within the same group
What is the term for the emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin?
Temperament
What do infants experience when they are disturbed by new stimuli but gradually adjust?
Slow to Warm up Infants
Which mother did infant monkeys prefer due to contact comfort in Harry Harlow's research?
Cloth mother
At what age range does stranger anxiety typically peak based on the information provided?
8-9 months
In Ainsworth's attachment categories, what percentage of children exhibit Secure Attachment?
60%
'Imprinting' involves baby birds following and attaching to which type of object?
Any large moving object
'Emerging Adulthood' according to Erikson occurs between which ages?
18-25
'Postconventional' stage in Kohlberg's Moral Development focuses on what?
'Principled Conscience' morality
What is the main characteristic of the Preoperational Stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Constructing mental representations of experiences but not performing operations on them
What distinguishes Primary Sex Characteristics from Secondary Sex Characteristics?
Related to reproductive organs, while the latter is unrelated to reproduction
Which theorist highlighted the significance of social and cultural influences on cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
Which stage in Piaget's theory involves children's understanding of hypothetical reasoning beyond the present?
Formal Operations Stage
What is the impact of menarche and spermarche on individuals?
Signal sexual maturation and reproductive potential
In Piaget's theory, what cognitive milestone is characteristic of the Sensorimotor Stage?
'Object Permanence'
Test your knowledge on human development psychology and research designs used in the field. Learn about challenges such as the post hoc fallacy and different research designs like cross sectional design.
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