Human Development V2
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the fallacy that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two events simply because one occurred before the other?

  • Longitudinal Fallacy
  • Cohort Fallacy
  • Cross Sectional Fallacy
  • Post Hoc Fallacy (correct)

Which design in Development Psychology examines the same group of people on multiple occasions over time?

  • Sequential Design
  • Longitudinal Design (correct)
  • Cross Sectional Design
  • Concurrent Design

What term refers to groups who lived during one period differing from groups who lived during another period in Development Psychology research?

  • Vulnerable Effect
  • Concurrent Effects
  • Cohort Effects (correct)
  • Attrition Effects

In the Nature-Nurture Debate, what type of interaction describes the situation where the effects of genes depend on the environment?

<p>Gene-Environment Interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Nature-Nurture Debate emphasize about development?

<p>Both Nature and Nurture play important roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines whether a genetic risk factor for violent crimes will lead to violence according to Gene-Environment Interaction?

<p>'Nurture' factors only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Cross Sectional Design vulnerable to cohort effects?

<p>Because it involves examining different age groups simultaneously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of using a Longitudinal Design to study human development?

<p>High attrition rates due to participant dropout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Children who possess a gene for low levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO) as associated with elevated risk for committing violent crimes.' - Which concept from the text explains this scenario?

<p>'Gene-Environment Interaction' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'False assumption that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event' - Which term describes this fallacy?

<p>'Post Hoc Fallacy' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is known for presenting the first complete account of cognitive development?

<p>Jean Piaget (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience?

<p>Accommodation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age range do children typically enter the Concrete Operations Stage according to Piaget?

<p>7-11 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What milestone marks the Sensorimotor stage according to Piaget?

<p>Object Permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves the ability to think about things that are not present in immediate surroundings?

<p>Mental Representation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage is characterized by an ability to understand hypothetical reasoning beyond the present?

<p>Formal Operations Stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what does assimilation refer to?

<p>&quot;Absorbing new experiences into current knowledge&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Piaget's theory suggest is the end point of cognitive development?

<p>&quot;Ability to reason logically about hypothetical problems&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of scaffolding in education?

<p>To gradually remove structure as children improve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does stranger anxiety typically peak, based on the provided information?

<p>12-15 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, what percentage of children are classified as 'Difficult Infants' based on temperament?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Harry Harlow's research on infant monkeys primarily demonstrate?

<p>Infants prefer a cloth mother for contact comfort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children exhibit 'Secure Attachment' according to Ainsworth's categories?

<p>50-60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of Erikson's model does the main challenge involve developing an identity?

<p>'Identity vs. Role Confusion' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Postconventional' stage in Kohlberg's Moral Development focuses on what?

<p>Internal moral principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Emerging Adulthood' according to Erikson occurs between which ages?

<p>18-25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Missing word] is the emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest.

<p>'Attachment' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Missing word] is the phase of learning during which children are receptive and can benefit from instruction.

<p>'Zone Of Proximal Development' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using the Cross Sectional Design in Development Psychology research?

<p>Difficulty in distinguishing between age effects and cohort effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Nature-Nurture Debate, what does the concept of Gene-Environment Interaction emphasize?

<p>Both genes and environment play a role in human development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using a Longitudinal Design in Development Psychology research?

<p>Risk of attrition among study participants over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation illustrates the Post Hoc Fallacy as described in the text?

<p>Concluding that rain dances cause rain due to observing rain after performing the dance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of the Nature-Nurture Debate according to the text?

<p>It highlights the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concern arises due to using a Cross Sectional Design in studying human development according to the provided text?

<p>Limited ability to capture individual changes over time within the same group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin?

<p>Temperament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do infants experience when they are disturbed by new stimuli but gradually adjust?

<p>Slow to Warm up Infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mother did infant monkeys prefer due to contact comfort in Harry Harlow's research?

<p>Cloth mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does stranger anxiety typically peak based on the information provided?

<p>8-9 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Ainsworth's attachment categories, what percentage of children exhibit Secure Attachment?

<p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Imprinting' involves baby birds following and attaching to which type of object?

<p>Any large moving object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Emerging Adulthood' according to Erikson occurs between which ages?

<p>18-25 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Postconventional' stage in Kohlberg's Moral Development focuses on what?

<p>'Principled Conscience' morality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Preoperational Stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

<p>Constructing mental representations of experiences but not performing operations on them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Primary Sex Characteristics from Secondary Sex Characteristics?

<p>Related to reproductive organs, while the latter is unrelated to reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist highlighted the significance of social and cultural influences on cognitive development?

<p>Lev Vygotsky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Piaget's theory involves children's understanding of hypothetical reasoning beyond the present?

<p>Formal Operations Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of menarche and spermarche on individuals?

<p>Signal sexual maturation and reproductive potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what cognitive milestone is characteristic of the Sensorimotor Stage?

<p>'Object Permanence' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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