Human Development Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between growth and development?

  • Growth is only applicable to living things, while development is applicable to all things.
  • Growth is quantitative and value neutral, while development is qualitative and value positive. (correct)
  • Growth is always positive, while development is always negative.
  • Growth is long-term, while development is short-term.

What does growth refer to?

  • A positive change in quality.
  • A quantitative change over a period of time. (correct)
  • A change in size or amount.
  • A qualitative change over a period of time.

What is an example of growth without development?

  • A city's population increases, but the provision of basic services remains the same. (correct)
  • A country's economy grows, but the standard of living remains the same.
  • A company's profits increase, but the number of employees decreases.
  • A city's population increases with a corresponding increase in facilities.

What is the relationship between growth and development?

<p>Growth is a prerequisite for development, but development is not a prerequisite for growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a negative growth?

<p>A decrease in quantity or amount. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of this chapter?

<p>Human development in nations and communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of countries with very high human development index?

<p>66 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state in India performs better in human development despite having lower per capita income?

<p>Kerala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to low levels of human development in some countries?

<p>Government expenditure on the social sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created the Human Development Index in 1990?

<p>Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of development according to Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq?

<p>Enlarging people's choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of countries with high human development scores?

<p>Low degree of social diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of countries with low levels of human development?

<p>33 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do countries with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defence?

<p>They are located in areas of political instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for Kerala's better performance in human development despite lower per capita income?

<p>Higher investment in social sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the two South Asian economists who provided an alternative view of development?

<p>Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Dr Amartya Sen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new approach to measuring a country's development was introduced in the late eighties and early nineties?

<p>Focusing on human development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic goal of development?

<p>Enabling people to live meaningful lives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which South Asian economist introduced the concept of human development?

<p>Mahbub-ul-Haq (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mahbub-ul-Haq describe human development as?

<p>Development that enlarges people's choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key areas in human development, according to the text?

<p>Access to resources, health, and education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many people lack the freedom to make basic choices, according to the text?

<p>Inability to acquire knowledge and poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the four pillars of human development support?

<p>The concepts of equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals face limited choices due to lack of access to knowledge, according to the text?

<p>Socially and economically backward groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of sustainability refer to in human development?

<p>Environmental protection and continuity in the availability of opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to send girls to school, according to the text?

<p>To ensure they have the same opportunities as boys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does productivity refer to in the context of human development?

<p>Human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the real wealth of nations?

<p>People (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does empowerment mean in the context of human development?

<p>To have the power to make choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What index ranks countries based on their performance in health, education, and access to resources?

<p>Human Development Index (HDI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

<p>Attainments in human development in key areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a dimension of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>Natural resource availability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Poverty Index measure?

<p>Shortfall in human development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT considered in the Human Poverty Index?

<p>Political stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the size of the territory and human development?

<p>Smaller territories generally correlate with higher human development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may relatively poorer nations sometimes be ranked higher in human development than richer nations?

<p>Since per capita income alone does not determine human development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of development according to Nobel Laureate Prof Amartya Sen?

<p>Increasing freedom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of human development, what does the Basic Needs Approach focus on?

<p>The provision of basic needs like health and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Bhutan proclaiming the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a measure of progress?

<p>It prioritizes spiritual, non-material, and qualitative aspects of development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) annually publish since 1990?

<p>Human Development Report (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the Capability Approach associated with Prof. Amartya Sen?

<p>Building human capabilities in health, education, and resource access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is concerned with human beings as passive recipients of development activities?

<p>Welfare Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Bhutan approach material progress and technological developments cautiously?

<p>Considering the possible harm they might bring to the environment or cultural life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to rank member countries according to the level of human development?

<p>To monitor progress and encourage development efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Capability Approach from the Income Approach to human development?

<p>Focus on health and education rather than income levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key idea behind the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a progress measure?

<p>Balancing material progress with non-material and qualitative aspects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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