Human-Computer Interaction Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of user-centered system design principles?

  • Meeting user needs and improving usability (correct)
  • Creating complex interaction possibilities
  • Enhancing aesthetic appeal of interfaces
  • Maximizing the technical capabilities of systems

How does visibility impact user interaction with an interface?

  • It reduces user satisfaction
  • It increases confusion about actions
  • It solely focuses on aesthetic design
  • It enhances understanding and usability (correct)

What is feedback in the context of human-computer interaction?

  • Visual design of the interface elements
  • User's emotional state during interaction
  • The level of interactivity in the design
  • Information provided after user actions indicating what has occurred (correct)

Why are constraints important in interface design?

<p>They limit the possibilities to simplify decisions for users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Donald A. Norman emphasize in his contributions to HCI?

<p>Cognitive science and user behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of having limitless possibilities in an interface?

<p>User confusion about options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forms of feedback are considered effective in interaction design?

<p>Visual, tactile, audio, and other forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of effective interface design?

<p>To enhance usability and user satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge that conversational interfaces face according to the text?

<p>They have endless possibilities leading to user frustration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mapping' refer to in human-computer interfaces?

<p>The way controls relate to their effects in the world. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of consistency in user interfaces?

<p>It makes the experience easier to use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'affordance' mean in the context of design?

<p>An object's ability to indicate how it should be used. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of poor affordance mentioned in the content?

<p>A door that can either be pushed or pulled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can strong mapping be demonstrated in a slider control?

<p>By making it obvious that moving right increases the value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is leveraging consistent elements important in an interface?

<p>It simplifies user interactions across various devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of having poor mapping on stove tops?

<p>Users find it hard to determine which control operates each burner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'equity' refer to in the context of user interface design?

<p>The interface being usable by users with diverse ranges of ability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'constraints' in user interface design?

<p>Preventing users from performing erroneous actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does tolerance play a role in user interface design?

<p>It ensures that users do not experience significant setbacks from errors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does feedback in a user interface primarily aim to achieve?

<p>To ensure users receive clear responses to their actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design principle emphasizes reducing user fatigue during system interactions?

<p>Ease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of User-Centered Design (UCD)?

<p>Focusing the design around the user's mental model and expectation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of user interface design helps users recover from errors more effectively?

<p>Support for undo and redo functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should documentation be structured in user interface design?

<p>Focusing on use cases relevant to users' tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of discoverability emphasize regarding interface functions?

<p>They must be made visible to the user. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design principle allows users to understand an interface regardless of their experience level?

<p>Simplicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can signifiers aid in achieving a proper perceived affordance?

<p>By providing information on how to correctly interact with the interface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of mapping focus on in relation to human-computer interaction?

<p>The connection between user actions and interface responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is perceptibility an important principle in human-computer interaction?

<p>It ensures users can observe how close they are to achieving their goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the consistency principle in interface design?

<p>Maintaining familiar components that behave consistently across the interface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle allows for various usability approaches based on user expertise?

<p>Flexibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of affordances relate to user interaction with an interface?

<p>It indicates the intended use through design cues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a critical aspect of user interactions in design?

<p>Low-level protocols for consistent interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which slogan suggests that errors should be perceived positively?

<p>All operations are iterations toward a goal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the design strategies outlined?

<p>Understanding user needs and practical implementation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In interface design, what does modularity allow for?

<p>Separation from core programming tasks for easy updates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must designers provide to ensure interface consistency?

<p>Quantitative methods and guidelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should user actions be organized according to the design principles?

<p>In ways that align with users' goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of trade-offs in design refer to?

<p>Choosing one design feature at the expense of another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pivotal to enhance information retrieval in a well-designed system?

<p>Streamlining user interfaces to be intuitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visibility in HCI

The principle that visible elements are easier for users to understand and use.

Feedback in HCI

Clear communication to the user about actions taken and their results.

Constraints in HCI

Limiting user interactions to guide them towards the correct next action.

User-centered design

A design approach that prioritizes the users' needs and experience.

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HCI Design Goal

To create interfaces improving usability and user satisfaction.

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Donald A. Norman's role in HCI

Significant contributor to HCI, focusing on cognitive science aspects.

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Trade-offs in Interface Design

Finding the optimal balance between different design aspects.

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Importance of considering user needs

The key to creating effective systems that meet the user's everyday needs.

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What is Equity in HCI?

An interface that is accessible and usable by individuals with diverse abilities. It ensures that everyone can interact with the system comfortably and effectively.

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Ease in HCI

Creating an interface that minimizes user fatigue. It emphasizes ergonomic design and efficient interaction.

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Comfort in HCI

Designing an interface that is comfortable for users of different physical characteristics and needs. It addresses factors like posture, size, and mobility.

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Structure in HCI

Ensuring a logical and organized interface that aligns with user expectations. It often involves adopting familiar information layout patterns.

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Tolerance in HCI

Designing interfaces that are forgiving of user errors. Examples include undo/redo functions or clear error messages.

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Documentation in HCI

Providing user documentation that is focused on helping users accomplish specific tasks. It should avoid overwhelming users with unnecessary details about every system function.

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Discoverability in HCI

Making relevant interface functions easily visible to users, so they don't have to rely on documentation. It balances the need for simplicity.

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Simplicity in HCI

An interface that is easy to understand and use for all users. The core focus is on clarity and removing unnecessary distractions.

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Affordances in HCI

An interface that clearly hints at its intended use. It's how a design element suggests its functionality.

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Mapping in HCI

The relationship between interface elements and their real-world equivalents. Interfaces should use familiar, user-friendly language.

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Perceptibility in HCI

The ability for users to understand the current state of the interface. This helps prevent user confusion or frustration.

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Consistency in HCI

Using familiar components and behaviors across an interface, so users don't have to relearn things. Provides a consistent experience.

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Flexibility in HCI

An interface designed to accommodate diverse users with varying levels of experience and workflow preferences.

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What is the main objective for designing an interface?

To create an interface that improves usability and user satisfaction. The goal is to ensure users can easily perform their tasks.

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Five Slogans of Design

A set of principles summarizing key considerations for designing interactive systems, emphasizing trade-offs, iterative development, error handling, consistency, and information retrieval.

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Trade-offs in Design

The unavoidable need to balance competing design goals, where improving one aspect may negatively impact another.

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Iterative Design

A design approach where systems are continuously improved through repeated cycles of design, testing, and refinement based on user feedback.

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Error Handling

Providing users with clear and helpful feedback when mistakes occur, to prevent frustration and guide them towards successful completion.

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Consistent Interaction

Using consistent elements, commands, and actions throughout the system, making it easier for users to learn and navigate.

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Structured Activities

Organizing user actions in a way that makes sense for their goals and provides clear guidance and support.

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Information Retrieval

Designing systems that make it easy and intuitive for users to find the information they need.

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Conversational Interface Constraint

Conversational interfaces often lack clear guidelines on which commands they understand. This uncertainty frustrates users.

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Mapping (HCI)

The clear relationship between controls and their effects in a user interface. Controls need to react predictably.

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Good Mapping Example

A clear, direct relationship between a control (e.g., a slider) and its effect (e.g., value change). Easier for users to comprehend and use.

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Poor Mapping Example

Inconsistent or unclear relationship between controls and their actions. Users struggle to understand and utilize the controls.

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Consistency (HCI)

Using similar operations and elements for similar tasks in different parts of a user interface. This leads to a user-friendly interface

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Poor Consistency Example

Using different styles for similar actions. This hurts user experience.

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Affordance (HCI)

Attributes of an object that suggest how it should be used. Physical design gives a hint of operation.

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Poor Affordance Example (Doors)

Doors that don't clearly indicate whether they should be pushed or pulled. This is a common design error.

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Study Notes

Objective

  • Students should understand key principles of user-centered system design
  • Students should analyze trade-offs in interface design
  • Students should apply design principles to create user-friendly human-computer interfaces

Overview of HCI Design

  • Goal is to design effective interfaces enhancing usability and user satisfaction
  • Importance of considering both technology and user needs when creating systems

Introduction to Donald A. Norman

  • Brief introduction to Don Norman's contributions to the field of HCI
  • Focus on cognitive science

Don Norman's Principles

  • Visibility:
    • More visible an element, more likely users understand and use it
    • Conversely, something out of sight is harder to understand and use
  • Feedback:
    • Action taken and results are clearly communicated to the user
    • Preventing users from guessing about actions and consequences
    • Visual, tactile, audio feedback methods exist
  • Constraints:
    • Limit interaction possibilities, simplifying the interface
    • Guiding user towards appropriate next steps
    • Clarifies available actions
  • Mapping:
    • Clear relationship between controls and their effects
    • Natural mapping creates intuitive interactions
    • Example: Stove top controls where each burner is visually directly aligned with its controller.
  • Consistency:
    • Similar operations and elements for similar tasks across the interface
    • Improves user experience by avoiding confusing inconsistencies
  • Affordance:
    • Objects that suggest how they might be used
    • Strong affordance makes the way an object functions clear
    • Example: A door handle indicating which action is required
  • Discoverability:
    • Relevant interface functions should be visible instead of needing documentation
  • Simplicity:
    • Interface design should be easy to understand irrespective of user experience level
  • Other principles (from the text):
    • Flexibility, Equity, Ease, Comfort, Structure, Constraints, Tolerance, Feedback, Documentation

Key Design Principles (UCD)

  • User-centered design focuses on user's mental model and system image

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Related Documents

Lesson-VI Design Principles PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental principles of user-centered system design, focusing on Donald A. Norman's key contributions to HCI. Participants will analyze trade-offs in interface design and learn how to create user-friendly interfaces to enhance usability and satisfaction.

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