Human Circulatory System Overview

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Which layer of the blood vessel contains muscles for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Tunica intima

Internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (correct)

Tunica externa

Why do arteries and arterioles have thicker walls compared to veins and venules?

Larger diameter

Higher pressure from pumped blood (correct)

Due to the presence of valves

To allow for greater oxygen exchange

Which vessels have smaller lumens - arteries or veins?

Arteries (correct)

Veins

Venules

Arterioles

What is the function of vasa vasorum?

Supply nutrients to large blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Nervi vasorum located?

Tunica media Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the blood vessel is primarily collagenous fibers with some elastic fibers?

Tunica externa Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects blood pressure according to the text?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

Where does filtration primarily occur in the capillary?

At the beginning of the capillary Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood volume to maintain fluid volume and blood pressure?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the regulation of blood pressure?

Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) when blood volume drops?

Signals the kidneys to retain water Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vascular homeostasis through sympathetic, parasympathetic, and vasomotor control?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the precapillary sphincters?

Regulate blood flow into capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capillary has leaky walls and allows larger molecules to pass through?

Sinusoid capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Source of pressure Signup and view all the answers

How is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculated?

(Diastolic BP + Pulse Pressure) / 3 Signup and view all the answers

What does ischemia refer to in the context of blood flow?

Insufficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is hypovolemia related to in terms of blood pressure?

Low blood volume resulting in decreased BP Signup and view all the answers

What effect does vascular disease have on arteries?

Decrease compliance Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining compliance important in regulating blood pressure?

To facilitate easy expansion of vessels Signup and view all the answers

'Pulse' refers to what physiological phenomenon?

'Rush' of blood from ventricular contraction in arteries Signup and view all the answers

Why are precapillary sphincters usually closed?

To allow blood to bypass capillary beds in favor of venules. Signup and view all the answers