22 Questions
Which layer of the blood vessel contains muscles for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Tunica media
Why do arteries and arterioles have thicker walls compared to veins and venules?
Higher pressure from pumped blood
Which vessels have smaller lumens - arteries or veins?
Arteries
What is the function of vasa vasorum?
Supply nutrients to large blood vessels
Where are the Nervi vasorum located?
Tunica media
Which layer of the blood vessel is primarily collagenous fibers with some elastic fibers?
Tunica externa
What is the main factor that affects blood pressure according to the text?
Vessel diameter
Where does filtration primarily occur in the capillary?
At the beginning of the capillary
Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood volume to maintain fluid volume and blood pressure?
Renin
What is the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the regulation of blood pressure?
Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) when blood volume drops?
Signals the kidneys to retain water
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vascular homeostasis through sympathetic, parasympathetic, and vasomotor control?
Medulla oblongata
What is the function of the precapillary sphincters?
Regulate blood flow into capillaries
Which type of capillary has leaky walls and allows larger molecules to pass through?
Sinusoid capillary
What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Source of pressure
How is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculated?
(Diastolic BP + Pulse Pressure) / 3
What does ischemia refer to in the context of blood flow?
Insufficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues
What is hypovolemia related to in terms of blood pressure?
Low blood volume resulting in decreased BP
What effect does vascular disease have on arteries?
Decrease compliance
Why is maintaining compliance important in regulating blood pressure?
To facilitate easy expansion of vessels
'Pulse' refers to what physiological phenomenon?
'Rush' of blood from ventricular contraction in arteries
Why are precapillary sphincters usually closed?
To allow blood to bypass capillary beds in favor of venules.
Test your knowledge on the flow of blood through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins within the human circulatory system. Learn about the structure and function of different blood vessels in both the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
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