Human Circulatory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the blood vessel contains muscles for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

  • Tunica intima
  • Internal elastic membrane
  • Tunica media (correct)
  • Tunica externa
  • Why do arteries and arterioles have thicker walls compared to veins and venules?

  • Larger diameter
  • Higher pressure from pumped blood (correct)
  • Due to the presence of valves
  • To allow for greater oxygen exchange
  • Which vessels have smaller lumens - arteries or veins?

  • Arteries (correct)
  • Veins
  • Venules
  • Arterioles
  • What is the function of vasa vasorum?

    <p>Supply nutrients to large blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Nervi vasorum located?

    <p>Tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel is primarily collagenous fibers with some elastic fibers?

    <p>Tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects blood pressure according to the text?

    <p>Vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does filtration primarily occur in the capillary?

    <p>At the beginning of the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood volume to maintain fluid volume and blood pressure?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) when blood volume drops?

    <p>Signals the kidneys to retain water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vascular homeostasis through sympathetic, parasympathetic, and vasomotor control?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the precapillary sphincters?

    <p>Regulate blood flow into capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has leaky walls and allows larger molecules to pass through?

    <p>Sinusoid capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

    <p>Source of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculated?

    <p>(Diastolic BP + Pulse Pressure) / 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ischemia refer to in the context of blood flow?

    <p>Insufficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypovolemia related to in terms of blood pressure?

    <p>Low blood volume resulting in decreased BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vascular disease have on arteries?

    <p>Decrease compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining compliance important in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>To facilitate easy expansion of vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pulse' refers to what physiological phenomenon?

    <p>'Rush' of blood from ventricular contraction in arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are precapillary sphincters usually closed?

    <p>To allow blood to bypass capillary beds in favor of venules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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