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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of capillaries?
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Veins have thicker walls than arteries because blood flows through them under high pressure.
Veins have thicker walls than arteries because blood flows through them under high pressure.
False
What are the primary components of blood?
What are the primary components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
The _____ system removes wastes from the body.
The _____ system removes wastes from the body.
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Which part of the respiratory system branches into smaller tubes and leads to the alveoli?
Which part of the respiratory system branches into smaller tubes and leads to the alveoli?
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What are the two waste products that the lungs remove?
What are the two waste products that the lungs remove?
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Match the following excretory system parts with their functions:
Match the following excretory system parts with their functions:
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The skeletal system is composed of _____ bones.
The skeletal system is composed of _____ bones.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?
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All elements can be broken down into simpler substances.
All elements can be broken down into simpler substances.
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What is a compound?
What is a compound?
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Sodium and chlorine combine to form the compound known as __________.
Sodium and chlorine combine to form the compound known as __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is a property of non-metals?
Which of the following is a property of non-metals?
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All compounds contain elements in varying amounts.
All compounds contain elements in varying amounts.
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Name an example of a compound used in cooking.
Name an example of a compound used in cooking.
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Which type of energy is represented when a drawn bow has the potential to shoot an arrow?
Which type of energy is represented when a drawn bow has the potential to shoot an arrow?
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The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can be created and destroyed.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can be created and destroyed.
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What is the primary use of solar energy?
What is the primary use of solar energy?
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Coal and petroleum are considered ______ fuels.
Coal and petroleum are considered ______ fuels.
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Match the following electrical appliances with their energy transformations:
Match the following electrical appliances with their energy transformations:
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Which of the following situations exemplifies heat transfer by conduction?
Which of the following situations exemplifies heat transfer by conduction?
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Plastics are good conductors of heat.
Plastics are good conductors of heat.
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Give an example of a situation where heat is transferred by convection.
Give an example of a situation where heat is transferred by convection.
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What is the purpose of distillation?
What is the purpose of distillation?
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Chromatography can separate substances based on their colors.
Chromatography can separate substances based on their colors.
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What is the solute in a saltwater solution?
What is the solute in a saltwater solution?
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In a saltwater solution, the water is the ______.
In a saltwater solution, the water is the ______.
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Which method would be best to separate iron nails from sawdust?
Which method would be best to separate iron nails from sawdust?
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Evaporation is used to obtain pure water from seawater.
Evaporation is used to obtain pure water from seawater.
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A mixture that has a high amount of solute relative to the solvent is called ______.
A mixture that has a high amount of solute relative to the solvent is called ______.
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Match the separation technique with its primary application:
Match the separation technique with its primary application:
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Who was the first astronomer to suggest that the Sun was at the center of the universe?
Who was the first astronomer to suggest that the Sun was at the center of the universe?
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The rotation of the Earth on its axis takes 48 hours.
The rotation of the Earth on its axis takes 48 hours.
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What causes the Earth to have seasons?
What causes the Earth to have seasons?
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The apparent motion of the planets and stars is due to the Earth __________ on its axis.
The apparent motion of the planets and stars is due to the Earth __________ on its axis.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Which of the following accurately describes the Earth’s revolution around the Sun?
Which of the following accurately describes the Earth’s revolution around the Sun?
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Tides always rise and fall at the same time every day.
Tides always rise and fall at the same time every day.
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What is required for an object to leave Earth's gravitational pull?
What is required for an object to leave Earth's gravitational pull?
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Study Notes
Blood Vessels
- Arteries have thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure blood flow
- Veins have thinner walls than arteries as they carry blood back to the heart with less pressure
- Veins contain valves to prevent blood flowing backwards
- Capillaries connect arteries and veins, their thin walls allow materials to pass between blood and cells
- Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products
Blood
- Blood is made of red blood cells which carry oxygen, white blood cells which fight infection and platelets which help blood to clot
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the blood and collects carbon dioxide
- Trachea also known as the windpipe, takes in air from the mouth and nose
- Bronchi branch from the trachea and enter the lungs where they further divide into smaller tubes
- Alveoli, or air sacs, are at the end of small tubes in the lungs and are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange where oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli
Excretory System
- The excretory system removes waste products from the body
- The lungs remove carbon dioxide and water vapor when we exhale
- The skin removes excess salt and water through sweat
- The kidneys filter waste products such as urea and excess salts from the blood to form urine
- The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- The bladder stores urine until it is excreted
- The urethra is a tube that releases urine from the bladder
Skeletal System
- The Skeletal System is made of 206 bones
Elements and Compounds
- Matter is composed of elements, over 110 elements are known
- Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances
- Metals have a shiny surface, high melting and boiling points, are solid at room temperature (except mercury), conduct heat and electricity, and are malleable
- Non-metals are dull, have low or very high melting and boiling points, do not conduct heat and electricity (except carbon), and are brittle
- Compounds are made of two or more elements chemically combined together
- Compounds have different properties to the elements that make them up
Mixtures
- A compound contains elements joined together in a fixed ratio
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as decantation, filtration, evaporation, distillation, magnetic attraction, and chromatography
Energy
- Potential energy is stored energy, e.g., a stretched rubber band
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, e.g., a moving car
- Light energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation, e.g., sunlight
- Heat energy is the energy of moving particles, e.g., a hot stove
- Sound energy is the energy of vibrating matter, e.g., a musical instrument
- Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons, e.g., a light bulb
- Energy can change from one type to another, e.g., a light bulb converts electrical energy into light and heat energy
- The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
Fossil Fuels
- Non-renewable resources are resources that cannot be replenished at the same rate they are consumed, e.g., fossil fuels
- Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years, e.g., coal and petroleum
- Coal and petroleum are used for energy generation, transportation, and industrial processes
Renewable Energy
- Renewable resources are resources that can be replenished at a rate that keeps up with their consumption, e.g., solar energy
- Solar energy is harnessed from the sun's radiation, e.g., solar panels
Heat Transfer
- Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact between objects, e.g., a pan heating on a stove
- Metals are good conductors of heat
- Insulators resist heat transfer, e.g., plastics
- Convection is heat transfer through the movement of fluids, e.g., boiling water
- Radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, e.g., the sun warming the Earth
Forces
- A force is anything that changes motion
- Contact forces touch the object they are acting upon, e.g., friction, air resistance, buoyancy
- Non-contact forces do not touch the object they are acting upon, e.g., gravity
Separation Techniques
- Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution, e.g., salt from seawater
- Distillation is used to separate a pure liquid from a solution by boiling and condensation, e.g., distilling fresh water from seawater
- Magnetic attraction separates magnetic materials like iron from a mixture, e.g., separating iron cans from aluminium cans
- Chromatography is used to separate small amounts of chemicals based on their different attractions to the solvent and the stationary phase
The Earth
- The Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night
- One rotation takes 24 hours
- The Earth revolves around the sun, causing a year
- One revolution takes 365.25 days
- Earth is tilted on its axis causing seasons
- Gravity is a force of attraction between objects
- The sun's gravity keeps planets in orbit around it
- The Earth's gravity keeps the moon in orbit around it, and keeps objects on the surface of the Earth
- Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the Earth
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Description
Test your knowledge on the human circulatory and respiratory systems, including blood vessels, blood components, and gas exchange processes. Understand how arteries, veins, and capillaries work together, and explore the essential functions of the respiratory system in oxygen delivery.
