66 Questions
What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?
To blend with the endometrium and form the placenta
Which extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the hypoblast layer?
Yolk sac
What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?
To protect the embryo from desiccation (drying out)
Which of the following is NOT one of the extraembryonic membranes mentioned in the text?
Allantois
At what stage of pregnancy does the peak secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occur?
Around the 9th week
What is the primary function of the yolk sac in human embryonic development?
To be an important site for early blood cell and blood vessel formation
What is the bilaminar embryonic disc composed of?
Hypoblast and epiblast
Which of the following statements about the extraembryonic membranes is NOT true?
They are responsible for the formation of the placenta
What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?
To mediate exchange between the embryo and the mother
Which of the following statements about human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is NOT true?
It is responsible for sustaining the pregnancy after the 9th week
What are the two layers that the trophoblast divides into during the second week of development?
Syncytiotrophoblast and Cytotrophoblast
Which membranes develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?
Yolk sac and Amnion
What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?
Rescuing the corpus luteum from degeneration
Which layer of trophoblast becomes part of the chorion as they undergo further growth?
Syncytiotrophoblast
What is the role of syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?
Penetrating the uterine lining
Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?
Progesterone
The peak secretion of hCG occurs around the seventh week of pregnancy.
False
The amnion is formed from the hypoblast layer.
False
The chorion is the innermost extraembryonic membrane.
False
The yolk sac stores yolk in humans similar to birds and reptiles.
False
Hypoblast and epiblast together form a trilaminar embryonic disc.
False
The trophoblast and bilaminar germinal disc produce the extraembryonic membranes.
False
The amniotic membrane secretes blood cells.
False
The chorion eventually encloses the embryo in a fluid-filled sac called the chorionic cavity.
False
Progesterone and estrogens produced by the placenta sustain the pregnancy.
True
Extraembryonic membranes assist the embryo in functions like nutrition and gas exchange.
True
The trophoblast develops into three layers during the second week of development.
False
The syncytiotrophoblast secretes enzymes that help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining by forming cell boundaries.
False
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) functions similarly to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
False
The yolk sac and the amnion are two fetal membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc.
True
The trophoblast becomes part of the amnion during further growth.
False
At approximately 8 days after fertilization, the trophoblast develops into two layers in the region where the blastocyst and fallopian tube meet.
False
The syncytiotrophoblast contains distinct cell boundaries.
False
The blastocyst penetrates through the outer two-thirds of the myometrium during implantation.
False
The placenta develops from three components that merge: the chorion, the hypoblast, and the amnion.
False
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) helps maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state by inhibiting the secretion of progesterone.
False
Match the following components with their role in embryonic development:
Trophoblast = Develops into two layers in the region of contact between the blastocyst and endometrium Chorion = Part of the fetal membranes and develops from two trophoblast layers Syncytiotrophoblast = Secretes enzymes that help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining Cytotrophoblast = Composed of distinct cells between the embryoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
Match the following hormones with their function in maintaining pregnancy:
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) = Rescues the corpus luteum from degeneration and sustains progesterone and estrogen secretion Progesterone = Maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state Estrogen = Works together with progesterone to maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state Luteinizing hormone (LH) = Similar actions to hCG in maintaining pregnancy
Match the following structures with their role during implantation:
Syncytiotrophoblast = Secrete enzymes to digest and liquefy endometrial cells for blastocyst penetration Endometrium = Tissue where the blastocyst penetrates during implantation Myometrium = Inner one-third where blastocyst eventually becomes buried during implantation Chorion = Part of fetal membranes that enclose the embryo during implantation
Match the following fetal membranes with their development process:
Yolk sac = Develops on one side of the bilaminar germinal disc during early embryonic development Amnion = Another membrane that develops on the other side of the bilaminar germinal disc Chorion = Develops from trophoblast layers and becomes part of fetal membranes Hypoblast = Continuous with an extraembryonic membrane formed during embryonic development
Match the following actions with their role in preventing menstruation:
Progesterone and Estrogen secretion = Maintains uterine lining in a secretory state to prevent menstruation Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) = Rescues corpus luteum to sustain progesterone and estrogen secretion, preventing menstruation Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) = Not involved in maintaining uterine lining, unlike hCG, progesterone, and estrogen Luteinizing hormone (LH) = Similar actions to hCG in preventing menstruation
Match the following extraembryonic membranes with their functions:
Yolk sac = Site for early blood cell and blood vessel formation Amnion = Encloses the entire embryo in a fluid-filled sac to protect from desiccation Chorion = Outermost membrane that eventually forms the placenta Trophoblast = Develops into three layers during the second week of development
Match the following statements about human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with their accuracy:
hCG peak secretion occurs around the ninth week of pregnancy = True hCG inhibits the secretion of progesterone to maintain pregnancy = False hCG is detected by home pregnancy tests as an indicator of pregnancy = True hCG functions similarly to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) = False
Match the following layers with their components in embryonic development:
Hypoblast = Forms the yolk sac and is continuous with it Epiblast = Forms the amnion and is continuous with it Cytotrophoblast = Blends with the endometrium to eventually form the placenta Syncytiotrophoblast = Secrete enzymes to help blastocyst penetrate uterine lining
Match the following functions with their descriptions in embryonic development:
Amniotic fluid = Bathes and protects the embryo within the amniotic cavity Extraembryonic membranes = Assist in functions like nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal Placenta = Site of exchange between embryo and mother for nutrients and waste removal Hypoblast layer = Forms the yolk sac and is important for early blood cell formation
Match the following terms with their definitions in embryonic development:
Bilaminar germinal disc = Flat disc formed by hypoblast and epiblast layers Embryoblast = Differentiates into hypoblast and epiblast layers around 8 days after fertilization Trophoblast = Develops into two layers during the second week of development Chorionic cavity = Fluid-filled sac that eventually encloses the embryo for protection
What are the two membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?
Yolk sac and amnion
Which layers of trophoblast become part of the chorion as they undergo further growth?
Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
What hormone helps maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?
Protection and cushioning
What is the role of syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?
Secreting enzymes to help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining
What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?
Rescuing the corpus luteum from degeneration and sustaining pregnancy
What extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the hypoblast layer?
Yolk sac
Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?
Progesterone
At approximately 8 days after fertilization, where does the trophoblast develop into two layers?
Region of contact between the blastocyst and endometrium
What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?
Developing into the placenta
What is the primary function of the yolk sac in human embryonic development?
Early blood cell and blood vessel formation
What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?
Forming the placenta
What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?
Maintaining the uterine lining in a secretory state
At what stage of pregnancy does the peak secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occur?
Ninth week
What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?
Protecting the embryo from desiccation
What are the two layers that the trophoblast differentiates into around 8 days after fertilization?
Hypoblast and epiblast
What are the extraembryonic membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?
Yolk sac, amnion, chorion
Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?
Progesterone
Which extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the epiblast layer?
Amnion
What is the function of extraembryonic membranes in embryonic development?
Assist the embryo in vital functions like nutrition and gas exchange
Test your knowledge on the peak secretion of hCG during pregnancy and the development of the placenta and embryoblast. Learn about the indicators of pregnancy and the differentiation of embryoblast cells.
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