Week 2 of development
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?

  • To facilitate gas exchange between the embryo and the mother
  • To store yolk as a nutrient source for the embryo
  • To blend with the endometrium and form the placenta (correct)
  • To form the amniotic cavity that protects the embryo

    • Which extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the hypoblast layer?

  • Yolk sac (correct)
  • Chorion
  • Amnion
  • Endometrium

    • What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?

  • To store waste materials produced by the embryo
  • To facilitate gas exchange between the embryo and the mother
  • To provide a source of nutrients for the embryo
  • To protect the embryo from desiccation (drying out) (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the extraembryonic membranes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Allantois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the peak secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occur?

    <p>Around the 9th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the yolk sac in human embryonic development?

    <p>To be an important site for early blood cell and blood vessel formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bilaminar embryonic disc composed of?

    <p>Hypoblast and epiblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the extraembryonic membranes is NOT true?

    <p>They are responsible for the formation of the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To mediate exchange between the embryo and the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is NOT true?

    <p>It is responsible for sustaining the pregnancy after the 9th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers that the trophoblast divides into during the second week of development?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast and Cytotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membranes develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?

    <p>Yolk sac and Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?

    <p>Rescuing the corpus luteum from degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of trophoblast becomes part of the chorion as they undergo further growth?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?

    <p>Penetrating the uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peak secretion of hCG occurs around the seventh week of pregnancy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amnion is formed from the hypoblast layer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion is the innermost extraembryonic membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The yolk sac stores yolk in humans similar to birds and reptiles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoblast and epiblast together form a trilaminar embryonic disc.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trophoblast and bilaminar germinal disc produce the extraembryonic membranes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amniotic membrane secretes blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion eventually encloses the embryo in a fluid-filled sac called the chorionic cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progesterone and estrogens produced by the placenta sustain the pregnancy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extraembryonic membranes assist the embryo in functions like nutrition and gas exchange.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trophoblast develops into three layers during the second week of development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The syncytiotrophoblast secretes enzymes that help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining by forming cell boundaries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) functions similarly to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The yolk sac and the amnion are two fetal membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trophoblast becomes part of the amnion during further growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At approximately 8 days after fertilization, the trophoblast develops into two layers in the region where the blastocyst and fallopian tube meet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The syncytiotrophoblast contains distinct cell boundaries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blastocyst penetrates through the outer two-thirds of the myometrium during implantation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The placenta develops from three components that merge: the chorion, the hypoblast, and the amnion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) helps maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state by inhibiting the secretion of progesterone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their role in embryonic development:

    <p>Trophoblast = Develops into two layers in the region of contact between the blastocyst and endometrium Chorion = Part of the fetal membranes and develops from two trophoblast layers Syncytiotrophoblast = Secretes enzymes that help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining Cytotrophoblast = Composed of distinct cells between the embryoblast and syncytiotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their function in maintaining pregnancy:

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) = Rescues the corpus luteum from degeneration and sustains progesterone and estrogen secretion Progesterone = Maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state Estrogen = Works together with progesterone to maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state Luteinizing hormone (LH) = Similar actions to hCG in maintaining pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their role during implantation:

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast = Secrete enzymes to digest and liquefy endometrial cells for blastocyst penetration Endometrium = Tissue where the blastocyst penetrates during implantation Myometrium = Inner one-third where blastocyst eventually becomes buried during implantation Chorion = Part of fetal membranes that enclose the embryo during implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fetal membranes with their development process:

    <p>Yolk sac = Develops on one side of the bilaminar germinal disc during early embryonic development Amnion = Another membrane that develops on the other side of the bilaminar germinal disc Chorion = Develops from trophoblast layers and becomes part of fetal membranes Hypoblast = Continuous with an extraembryonic membrane formed during embryonic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions with their role in preventing menstruation:

    <p>Progesterone and Estrogen secretion = Maintains uterine lining in a secretory state to prevent menstruation Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) = Rescues corpus luteum to sustain progesterone and estrogen secretion, preventing menstruation Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) = Not involved in maintaining uterine lining, unlike hCG, progesterone, and estrogen Luteinizing hormone (LH) = Similar actions to hCG in preventing menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following extraembryonic membranes with their functions:

    <p>Yolk sac = Site for early blood cell and blood vessel formation Amnion = Encloses the entire embryo in a fluid-filled sac to protect from desiccation Chorion = Outermost membrane that eventually forms the placenta Trophoblast = Develops into three layers during the second week of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements about human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with their accuracy:

    <p>hCG peak secretion occurs around the ninth week of pregnancy = True hCG inhibits the secretion of progesterone to maintain pregnancy = False hCG is detected by home pregnancy tests as an indicator of pregnancy = True hCG functions similarly to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) = False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following layers with their components in embryonic development:

    <p>Hypoblast = Forms the yolk sac and is continuous with it Epiblast = Forms the amnion and is continuous with it Cytotrophoblast = Blends with the endometrium to eventually form the placenta Syncytiotrophoblast = Secrete enzymes to help blastocyst penetrate uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions with their descriptions in embryonic development:

    <p>Amniotic fluid = Bathes and protects the embryo within the amniotic cavity Extraembryonic membranes = Assist in functions like nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal Placenta = Site of exchange between embryo and mother for nutrients and waste removal Hypoblast layer = Forms the yolk sac and is important for early blood cell formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions in embryonic development:

    <p>Bilaminar germinal disc = Flat disc formed by hypoblast and epiblast layers Embryoblast = Differentiates into hypoblast and epiblast layers around 8 days after fertilization Trophoblast = Develops into two layers during the second week of development Chorionic cavity = Fluid-filled sac that eventually encloses the embryo for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?

    <p>Yolk sac and amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layers of trophoblast become part of the chorion as they undergo further growth?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone helps maintain the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?

    <p>Protection and cushioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?

    <p>Secreting enzymes to help the blastocyst penetrate the uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?

    <p>Rescuing the corpus luteum from degeneration and sustaining pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the hypoblast layer?

    <p>Yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At approximately 8 days after fertilization, where does the trophoblast develop into two layers?

    <p>Region of contact between the blastocyst and endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?

    <p>Developing into the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the yolk sac in human embryonic development?

    <p>Early blood cell and blood vessel formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion during early embryonic development?

    <p>Forming the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the trophoblast?

    <p>Maintaining the uterine lining in a secretory state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the peak secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occur?

    <p>Ninth week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during embryonic development?

    <p>Protecting the embryo from desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers that the trophoblast differentiates into around 8 days after fertilization?

    <p>Hypoblast and epiblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the extraembryonic membranes that develop on either side of the bilaminar germinal disc?

    <p>Yolk sac, amnion, chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the uterine lining in a secretory state, preventing menstruation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extraembryonic membrane is formed from and continuous with the epiblast layer?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of extraembryonic membranes in embryonic development?

    <p>Assist the embryo in vital functions like nutrition and gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

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