4-Fluid and Electrolyte
42 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the average daily water loss through urine for a 60kg male?

  • 850 mL to 1550 mL
  • 1250 mL to 2000 mL
  • 250 mL to 800 mL
  • 800 mL to 1750 mL (correct)

    • What is the normal osmolality range of extracellular fluid?

  • 310-335
  • 280-310 (correct)
  • 245-275
  • 155-185

    • How much is the daily insensible water loss for an average healthy male?

  • 700 mL
  • 500 mL
  • 800 mL
  • 600 mL (correct)

    • Which condition is likely to lead to an increased insensible water loss?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of stool water loss per day according to normal values?

    <p>0-250 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median average water consumption recommended for a healthy person?

    <p>2000 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of normal daily water loss?

    <p>Bone metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of insensible water loss through skin and lungs in a day?

    <p>600 mL to 800 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total body water for an average young adult female weighing 60kg, given that the percentage of body water is 50%?

    <p>24 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an average young adult male weighs 80kg and has a body water percentage of 60%, what is his total body water?

    <p>48 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of total body water, what percentage does an average young adult female and male respectively hold based on given data?

    <p>50% for female and 60% for male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison to females, young adult males typically have what percentage of total body water?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An average 1-year-old male has what typical body water percentage?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence when administering calcium to patients receiving digitalis?

    <p>Digitalis toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires immediate calcium administration to counteract the effects of hyperkalemia?

    <p>ECG changes indicating cardiac distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario should dialysis be considered for treating hyperkalemia?

    <p>After conservative measures have failed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the appropriate potassium chloride (KCl) administration guidelines for a symptomatic patient?

    <p>20 mEq IV every hour for 4 doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to an endogenous load of potassium in the body?

    <p>Hemolysis and rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight does a newborn typically represent?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the total body water (TBW) for a 70kg male patient is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>20L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total body water (TBW) of a significantly malnourished male patient weighing 50kg?

    <p>35L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total body water of a 1-year-old male with a total body weight of 13kg?

    <p>8.45L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight does a 1-year-old male represent compared to adults?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has a total body weight of 70kg and a total body water of 42L, what is the estimated interstitial fluid volume?

    <p>17L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a male patient with 60% body water composition, what is the fat-free mass if the patient weighs 80kg?

    <p>48L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total body water percentage for males younger than 2 years?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical manifestation associated with chronic volume deficits?

    <p>Decreased skin turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding indicates reduced glomerular filtration?

    <p>Elevated BUN level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of overly rapid correction of chronic hypernatremia?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is commonly used for intravenous replacement in cases of hypernatremia?

    <p>Half- or quarter-normal saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause hypernatremia related to excess fluid intake?

    <p>Excessive intravenous fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretics interfere with aldosterone activity and may inhibit normal potassium excretion?

    <p>K-sparing diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected urine osmolality in the context described?

    <p>300 mOsm/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of burns as described?

    <p>Enhanced urinary sodium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal in treating potassium abnormalities?

    <p>Reduce total body potassium and shift it intracellularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical symptom is typically associated with hypernatremia?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with potassium abnormalities?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consequence of potassium being primarily in the intracellular space?

    <p>It maintains cardiac and neuromuscular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs indicates fluid loss in the context of volume deficits?

    <p>Sunken eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might indicate mineralocorticoid excess in a patient?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ECG changes is early and indicative of potassium abnormalities?

    <p>High peaked T waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common dietary intake range of potassium per day?

    <p>50-100 mEq/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Total Body Water

    • Water accounts for ~50-60% of total body weight.
    • The ratio of total body water to total body weight is stable and reflects body fat.
    • Lean tissue (muscle and solid organs) has a higher water content compared to fat and bone.
    • Younger, lean males have a higher proportion of water in their body weight than older or obese individuals.
    • Average young adult male: 60% of total body weight is water.
    • Average young adult female: 50% of total body weight is water.
    • Obese individuals have a lower percentage of total body water (~10-20% less than average).
    • Malnourished individuals have a higher percentage of total body water (~10% more than average).
    • Newborns have ~80% of their body weight as water.
    • Total body water decreases to ~65% by one year of age.

    Fluid Compartments

    • Three main fluid compartments:
      • Extravascular interstitial fluid
      • Plasma
      • Intracellular fluid (primarily in skeletal muscle).
    • Extracellular water is ~20% of total body weight (approximately 1/3 of total body water).
    • Intracellular water is ~40% of total body weight (approximately 2/3 of total body water).
    • Skeletal muscle has the largest proportion of body fluid.

    Fluid Composition

    • Extracellular fluid (ECF) components: primarily sodium (principal cation), chloride, and bicarbonate (principal anions).

    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) components: primarily potassium (principal cation), magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, and proteins (anions).

    • Sodium is primarily found in extracellular fluid.

    • Potassium is primarily found in intracellular fluid.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    4-Fluid and Electrolyte PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and amounts of water loss in the human body, focusing on daily urine output, insensible water loss, and total body water calculations. This quiz covers essential physiological concepts and normal ranges related to hydration and water balance.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser