Human Body Systems Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What do athletes eat before a competition because this nutrient supplies quick energy?

Fats

Proteins

Carbohydrates (correct)

Vitamins

What does the lower digestive system include?

Small Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas

What is the job of the liver?

Produces bile

The gallbladder helps during the digestive process. Its job is to what?

Store Bile Signup and view all the answers

The gizzard is part of the ______ system?

Digestive System Signup and view all the answers

Nutrition distribution depends on the ________ system to deliver nutrients to cells around the body.

Circulatory System Signup and view all the answers

The _______ system also plays a part by supplying the oxygen used in cellular respiration.

Respiratory System Signup and view all the answers

Order the words to show the path food takes as it moves along the digestive system: Chewing, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine.

<ol> <li>Chewing, 2. Esophagus, 3. Stomach, 4. Small Intestine, 5. Large Intestine</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the human heart called a double loop system?

The blood goes through the human heart twice. Signup and view all the answers

_ has more muscle walls due to _

Arteries, increased pressure Signup and view all the answers

What are three functions of the circulatory system?

Brings nutrients and oxygen to the cells, removes waste, and helps to fight off disease and infections. Signup and view all the answers

Number the steps of Lin's reaction in the correct order.

<ol> <li>Lin's ears detect Derrick's shouted warning, 2. Lin's brain directs his eyes to look for the deer, 3. Lin's eye muscles move his eyes to focus on the deer, 4. Lin's brain interprets the images from his eyes and sends commands to his muscles, 5. Lin's muscles move the bike out of the way of the deer.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is a source of stress for desert pupfish?

The hot water, unpredictable weather, high salt content, and predators. Signup and view all the answers

The endocrine system regulates the body through what?

Hormone release Signup and view all the answers

Like the nervous system, what does the endocrine system help maintain?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Order the steps in which information enters one neuron and is transmitted to another.

<ol> <li>The sensory cells detect pain by the dendrites, 2. A neuron sends the information from the dendrites, along the cell down the axon as an impulse to the brain, 3. The brain sends an impulse back to the area that detected the impulse initially, 4. The impulse stimulates the muscle to move to relieve the pain.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How can a problem in lungs cause problems all over the body?

The respiratory system works with all of the systems, so if something were to happen to the lungs then the other systems would not be able to get the oxygen and other needed materials to function. Signup and view all the answers

Which level of body organization do the lungs represent?

The lungs represent an organ. Signup and view all the answers

Because its structure is more complex, _________

an organ has more complex functions than tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Why do animals such as humans need levels of organization?

All of the systems work together to keep you alive; without that, they couldn't survive. Signup and view all the answers

Because its structure is more complex, ________

An organ has a more complex function than a tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship among organs, cells, and tissues?

They all work together to perform a specific function; without each other, they wouldn't be able to work correctly. Many specialized cells of the same type make up a tissue. Different kinds of tissue make up an organ. Signup and view all the answers

The main purpose of homeostasis is to ______

Keep internal conditions stable. Signup and view all the answers

How do the body's different parts interact to stop the pain when sitting in the same position for too long?

The nerve cells in my leg send a pain signal through the nervous system to my brain. The brain sends an impulse back to my leg muscles, causing them to stop the pain. Signup and view all the answers

The liver helps the circulatory system by _______

Filtering blood of harmful substances. Signup and view all the answers

______ in the stomach are responsible for the mechanical digestion that takes place there.

Muscles Signup and view all the answers

Draw a flowchart to show how the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems work together to process food and supply nutrients to the body.

Food is broken down in the mouth → Food is further broken down in the stomach → Nutrients from food are absorbed in the small intestine → Nutrients enter the bloodstream and circulatory system transports the nutrients around the body → Waste from the digestive system is removed from the body by the excretory system. Signup and view all the answers

Which organs function as both a respiratory organ and an excretory organ?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

Organs such as the kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver work together to _____

Help maintain homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

One role of rib bones in the ______ system is to protect the heart from physical injury.

Skeletal Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the alveoli in the lungs help with their function in the respiratory system?

The alveoli are tiny sacs of lung tissue with very thin walls surrounded by capillaries. The thin walls allow gases to move easily between the lungs and the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to manage materials in the body.

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream by the circulatory system. The oxygen is carried to cells where it is used to supply energy for the cell's functioning. The respiratory system also removes waste from the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cord is a thick column of _____

Nervous tissue that connects the brain to the body's nerves. Signup and view all the answers

The __ system releases hormones that _ processes in the body.

Endocrine, regulate Signup and view all the answers

How does the nervous system regulate basic body processes?

The hypothalamus is an organ that sends out nerve signals to control sleep, hunger, and other processes. It also releases chemicals that regulate glands and organs in the endocrine system. Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a child reaches for a hot pan on the stove and burns himself. Explain how the child's brain functions to protect his body from injury both at that moment as well as in the future.

The child's brain reacts to the hot pan and directs the child's hand to let go of the pan. The child's brain also records the event as a memory. In the future, the child will be less likely to grab the hot pan because of the memory of the painful burn. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition and Digestion

Carbohydrates provide quick energy for athletes before competitions.
The digestive system includes the small intestine, liver, and pancreas.
The liver produces bile, essential for digesting fats.
The gallbladder stores bile released by the liver for digestion.
Gizzards, found in some animals, such as birds and earthworms, assist in grinding food, indicating their role in the digestive system.

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

The circulatory system distributes nutrients and oxygen via the bloodstream.
The respiratory system supplies oxygen required for cellular respiration.
The human heart functions as a double loop system, circulating blood twice through the heart.
Arteries have thicker muscular walls due to the high pressure of blood flow.

Homeostasis and Organ Systems

The circulatory system provides nutrients and oxygen, removes waste, and combats diseases.
Homeostasis is maintained both by the endocrine and nervous systems through hormone release and neural signals.
Organs include specialized functions combining various tissues, surpassing the complexity of individual tissues.
The main goal of homeostasis is to maintain stable internal conditions.

Neural Responses and Pain Management

When detecting a potential threat, such as a deer on the path, the brain quickly processes visual information to initiate muscle movement to avoid danger.
Sensory cells in the body read pain through nerve impulses sent to the brain, which can trigger muscle responses to alleviate discomfort.

Stressors and Adaptation

Desert pupfish face environmental stresses like high temperature and salinity, leading to adaptation challenges.
Organ systems, including the lungs, play vital roles in sustaining other systems, highlighting the interconnectedness of bodily functions.

Collaboration of Body Systems

The digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems work in tandem to process food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste.
Organs like the kidneys and lungs collaborate to maintain homeostasis by disposing of substances and balancing bodily functions.

Structural and Functional Dynamics

The structure of alveoli enhances respiratory function as thin-walled sacs facilitate gas exchange with capillaries.
The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway between the brain and body’s nerves, transmitting information and reflexes.

Regulatory Systems

The endocrine system regulates bodily processes through hormone release.
The hypothalamus in the brain controls vital functions like sleep and hunger while influencing the endocrine system's activities.

Learning from Experiences

Past painful experiences, such as touching a hot stove, shape future behavior and protective reflexes through memory formation and recall.

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Description

Test your knowledge of human body systems with these flashcards. Each card covers essential functions and components related to digestion and nutrition. Perfect for students preparing for health science exams.