Human Body Systems and Regions

Organ Systems

• The human body is composed of 11 organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis:
  1. Nervous system
  2. Circulatory system
  3. Respiratory system
  4. Digestive system
  5. Endocrine system
  6. Immune system
  7. Integumentary system
  8. Muscular system
  9. Skeletal system
  10. Urinary system
  11. Reproductive system

Body Regions

• The human body can be divided into 9 regions:
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Thorax (chest)
  4. Abdomen
  5. Back
  6. Upper limb (arm)
  7. Lower limb (leg)
  8. Pelvis
  9. Perineum

Body Cavities

• The human body has two main cavities:
  1. Dorsal cavity (cranial and spinal cavities)
  2. Ventral cavity (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities)

Directional Terms

• Used to describe the location of body structures:
  • Anterior (front)
  • Posterior (back)
  • Superior (above)
  • Inferior (below)
  • Medial (toward the midline)
  • Lateral (away from the midline)
  • Proximal (closer to the trunk)
  • Distal (farther from the trunk)

Body Planes

• Used to describe the location of body structures:
  • Sagittal plane (divides the body into left and right halves)
  • Frontal plane (divides the body into front and back halves)
  • Transverse plane (divides the body into upper and lower halves)

Tissue Types

• The human body is composed of four main tissue types:
  1. Epithelial tissue (covers surfaces and lines cavities)
  2. Connective tissue (supports and connects other tissues)
  3. Muscle tissue (moves the body)
  4. Nervous tissue (transmits and processes information)

Organ Systems

• Human body consists of 11 organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.
• These systems are: nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, muscular, skeletal, urinary, and reproductive.

Body Regions

• The human body is divided into 9 regions: head, neck, thorax, abdomen, back, upper limb, lower limb, pelvis, and perineum.

Body Cavities

• The human body has two main cavities: dorsal and ventral.
• Dorsal cavity consists of cranial and spinal cavities.
• Ventral cavity consists of thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Directional Terms

• Directional terms describe the location of body structures.
• Anterior refers to the front of the body.
• Posterior refers to the back of the body.
• Superior refers to above, while inferior refers to below.
• Medial refers to towards the midline, while lateral refers to away from the midline.
• Proximal refers to closer to the trunk, while distal refers to farther from the trunk.

Body Planes

• Body planes describe the location of body structures.
• Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves.
• Frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves.
• Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves.

Tissue Types

• The human body is composed of four main tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
• Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities.
• Connective tissue supports and connects other tissues.
• Muscle tissue moves the body.
• Nervous tissue transmits and processes information.