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Questions and Answers
Why is the ionizing property of water, allowing it to dissociate into $OH^-$ and $H^+$, crucial in physiological processes?
Why is the ionizing property of water, allowing it to dissociate into $OH^-$ and $H^+$, crucial in physiological processes?
- It directly regulates body temperature by absorbing excess heat through ionization.
- It acts as the primary mechanism for tactile sensations throughout the body.
- It facilitates various biochemical reactions and maintains acid-base balance within the body. (correct)
- It enhances fat solubility, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids.
A researcher is studying the composition of the human body and observes that electrolytes constitute 7% of body weight. What is the MOST significant role of these electrolytes in maintaining physiological balance?
A researcher is studying the composition of the human body and observes that electrolytes constitute 7% of body weight. What is the MOST significant role of these electrolytes in maintaining physiological balance?
- Facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients by acting as a universal solvent.
- Maintaining osmolarity of body fluids, determining cell membrane potential, and supporting specific cellular functions. (correct)
- Providing the structural framework for bone mineralization through calcium deposition.
- Regulating body temperature through ionization processes in sweat glands.
A patient presents with severe dehydration. Understanding the importance of water for various physiological functions, which of the following is NOT directly supported by water's role as a solvent?
A patient presents with severe dehydration. Understanding the importance of water for various physiological functions, which of the following is NOT directly supported by water's role as a solvent?
- Enabling the secretion of hormones from endocrine glands.
- Regulating membrane potential in nerve cells. (correct)
- Supporting the excretion of metabolic waste products by the kidneys.
- Facilitating the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
In a scenario where a researcher is analyzing the effects of varying electrolyte concentrations on cellular function, which outcome would MOST directly result from a disruption in electrolyte balance?
In a scenario where a researcher is analyzing the effects of varying electrolyte concentrations on cellular function, which outcome would MOST directly result from a disruption in electrolyte balance?
Considering the average composition of the human body, if a young male adult weighs 70 kg, approximately how much of his weight is comprised of substances other than water?
Considering the average composition of the human body, if a young male adult weighs 70 kg, approximately how much of his weight is comprised of substances other than water?
How does the role of water in sensations differ from its role in other physiological functions, such as temperature regulation or nutrient absorption?
How does the role of water in sensations differ from its role in other physiological functions, such as temperature regulation or nutrient absorption?
Which adaptation would BEST illustrate how the body maintains electrolyte balance during prolonged strenuous activity?
Which adaptation would BEST illustrate how the body maintains electrolyte balance during prolonged strenuous activity?
How does water's capacity to make tissues pliable and flexible MOST directly contribute to overall body function?
How does water's capacity to make tissues pliable and flexible MOST directly contribute to overall body function?
Following a dietary change, a patient experiences a significant decrease in fat intake. How might this dietary change MOST directly affect the overall composition of their body, assuming no other compensatory changes occur?
Following a dietary change, a patient experiences a significant decrease in fat intake. How might this dietary change MOST directly affect the overall composition of their body, assuming no other compensatory changes occur?
In a physiological study comparing elderly individuals to young adults, what difference in total body water (TBW) would one expect to observe, and what is the MOST likely underlying cause for this difference?
In a physiological study comparing elderly individuals to young adults, what difference in total body water (TBW) would one expect to observe, and what is the MOST likely underlying cause for this difference?
Flashcards
Human Body Composition
Human Body Composition
Water, proteins, fats, and electrolytes.
Water content in human body
Water content in human body
Approximately 60% of body weight.
Other body components
Other body components
Protein: 18%, Fats: 15%, Electrolytes: 7%.
Body Fluid Compartments
Body Fluid Compartments
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Water as a Solvent
Water as a Solvent
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Ionizing Property of Water
Ionizing Property of Water
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Functions of Body Water
Functions of Body Water
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Electrolyte Function
Electrolyte Function
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Electrolytes and Cell Potential
Electrolytes and Cell Potential
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Calcium's Role
Calcium's Role
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Study Notes
- The human body is organized by the following: cells, tissues, organs and systems
- Cells are the smallest independent microscopic unit
- Tissues are cells with a similar structure and function
- Organs are different types of tissues that carry out a specific function
- A system refers to a group of organs that carry out a specific function
Composition of the Human Body
- Water comprises 60% of body weight (BW)
- Other components make up 40% of BW
Other Components
- Protein: 18% of BW
- Fats: 15% of BW
- Electrolytes: 7% of BW
Body Fluid Compartments
- A normal adult young male weighing 70kg has 60% of body weight as water, distributed in two major compartments
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
- Consists of 2/3 of total body water (TBW)
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
- Consists of 1/3 of total body water (TBW)
- Plasma represents 1/4 of ECF
- Interstitial Fluid (IF) represents 3/4 of ECF
Factors Affecting Total Body Water (TBW)
- Physiological factors include age, sex, and body fat
- Pathological factors include vomiting, diarrhea, diseases w/excessive water loss, blood loss and burns
- Other factors include climate, habits, and physical activity
Body Fluid Content
- Low body fat, low bone mass contain 73% or more water
- Higher body fat, smaller amount of skeletal muscles contain 40-50% water
- 60% of body weight is water
- 45% of body weight is water
Importance of Body Water
- Water constitutes no less than 40% of TBW in any living organism
- Water acts as a solvent for digestion, absorption, secretion, exertion, and mobility of ions
- Water has an ionizing property
- Water dissociates into OH- and H+, which is important in many aspects
- Water is essential for all sensations, except tactile
Body Temperature
- Water regulates body temperature
- Water makes tissue pliable and flexible
Body Electrolytes
- Electrolytes represents 7%
Importance of Electrolytes
- Maintain osmolarity of body fluid (numbers of osmoles/ kg of solvent)
- Each electrolyte has a specific function (e.g. Ca++ in mineralization of bone)
- Determine cell membrane potential
- Determine water content and distribution
- Affected by acid-base balance
Types of Solutions
- Classified into 3 types according to the size of dissolved particles
True Solution
- Particle size: < 1mm
- Stability and homogeneity: stable and homogenous
- Filtration: can pass freely through a semipermeable filter paper
- Example: NaCl – glucose solution
Colloidial Solution
- Particle size: 1-200 mm
- Stability and homogeneity: stable and homogenous
- Filtration: cannot pass through
- Example: Egg, albumin and starch solution
Suspension
- Particle size: >200mm
- Stability and homogeneity: unstable and precipitate
- Filtration: cannot pass through
- Example: Blood, sand, and charcoal solution
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Description
Explore the organization of the human body from cells to systems. Learn about body fluid compartments, including intracellular and extracellular fluid. Discover the factors affecting total body water and the composition.
